Similarities and Differences in COVID-19 Awareness, Concern, and Symptoms by Race and Ethnicity in the United States: Cross-Sectional Survey
Similarities and Differences in COVID-19 Awareness, Concern, and Symptoms by Race and Ethnicity in the United States: Cross-Sectional Survey
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DOI：
10.2196/20001
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发表时间：
2020-07-10
影响因子：
7.4
通讯作者：
Siegler, Aaron J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jones, Jeb;Sullivan, Patrick S.;Siegler, Aaron J.
背景：美国现有的基于种族和族裔的健康差距导致了冠状病毒病(新冠肺炎)大流行期间发病率和死亡率的差异。我们对美国成年人进行了一项在线调查，以评估不同种族和民族在新冠肺炎症状、对流行病程度的估计、对控制措施的了解和羞辱方面的异同。目的：本研究的目的是描述美国成年人在新冠肺炎症状、知识和信念方面按种族和民族的异同。方法：我们在2020年3月27日至2020年4月1日期间进行了横断面调查。参与者是在社交媒体平台上招募的，并在一个安全的网络调查平台上完成了调查。我们使用卡方检验来比较不同种族和民族与新冠肺炎相关的特征。结果：共有1435名参与者完成了调查，其中52名(3.6%)为亚裔，158名(11.0%)为非西班牙裔黑人，548名(38.2%)为西班牙裔，587名(40.9%)为非西班牙裔白人，90名(6.3%)为其他或多个种族。只有一种症状(喉咙痛)根据种族和民族而不同(P=.003)；与西班牙裔(99/548，18.1%)或非西班牙裔白人(95/587，16.2%)相比，亚裔(3/52，5.8%)、非西班牙裔黑人(9/158，5.7%)和其他/多种族(8/90，8.9%)参与者报告这种症状的频率较低。与西班牙裔(108/548，19.7%)和非西班牙裔黑人(25/158，15.8%)相比，非西班牙裔白人和亚裔参与者更有可能估计当前病例数量至少为100,000例(P=0.004)，并且更有可能正确回答所有14个新冠肺炎知识量表问题(亚洲参与者，13/52，25.0%；非西班牙裔白人参与者，180/587，30.7%)。结论：我们观察到在预防导致新冠肺炎的新型冠状病毒感染的适当方法的知识方面存在差异。缺乏适当控制方法的知识可能会进一步加剧现有的种族/族裔差距。还需要进行更多的研究，以确定拉美裔和非拉美裔黑人社区中可信的信息来源，并创建有效的消息传递来传播正确的新冠肺炎预防和治疗信息。
Background: Existing health disparities based on race and ethnicity in the United States are contributing to disparities in morbidity and mortality during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. We conducted an online survey of American adults to assess similarities and differences by race and ethnicity with respect to COVID-19 symptoms, estimates of the extent of the pandemic, knowledge of control measures, and stigma.Objective: The aim of this study was to describe similarities and differences in COVID-19 symptoms, knowledge, and beliefs by race and ethnicity among adults in the United States.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey from March 27, 2020 through April 1, 2020. Participants were recruited on social media platforms and completed the survey on a secure web-based survey platform. We used chi-square tests to compare characteristics related to COVID-19 by race and ethnicity. Statistical tests were corrected using the Holm Bonferroni correction to account for multiple comparisons.Results: A total of 1435 participants completed the survey; 52 (3.6%) were Asian, 158 (11.0%) were non-Hispanic Black, 548 (38.2%) were Hispanic, 587 (40.9%) were non-Hispanic White, and 90 (6.3%) identified as other or multiple races. Only one symptom (sore throat) was found to be different based on race and ethnicity (P=.003); this symptom was less frequently reported by Asian (3/52, 5.8%), non-Hispanic Black (9/158, 5.7%), and other/multiple race (8/90, 8.9%) participants compared to those who were Hispanic (99/548, 18.1%) or non-Hispanic White (95/587, 16.2%). Non-Hispanic White and Asian participants were more likely to estimate that the number of current cases was at least 100,000 (P=.004) and were more likely to answer all 14 COVID-19 knowledge scale questions correctly (Asian participants, 13/52, 25.0%; non-Hispanic White participants, 180/587, 30.7%) compared to Hispanic (108/548, 19.7%) and non-Hispanic Black (25/158, 15.8%) participants.Conclusions: We observed differences with respect to knowledge of appropriate methods to prevent infection by the novel coronavirus that causes COVID-19. Deficits in knowledge of proper control methods may further exacerbate existing race/ethnicity disparities. Additional research is needed to identify trusted sources of information in Hispanic and non-Hispanic Black communities and create effective messaging to disseminate correct COVID-19 prevention and treatment information.