Contexts (I)
Contexts (I)
复制标题
背景（一）
DOI：
10.1093/oso/9780198853510.003.0003
复制
发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
10.1
通讯作者：
John Scholar
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
John Scholar
第二章开始了本书从世纪到20世纪关于印象的思想史（这将在第三章继续）。这些语境来源于两个运动：古典主义和唯美主义。第二章探讨了生命哲学的背景，认为詹姆斯的印象很大程度上归功于生命哲学（约翰洛克，大卫休谟），和十九世纪的生命哲学心理学（詹姆斯米尔，J.S. Mill，Franz Brentano，Ernst Mach，William James）.通过追踪“印象”一词，我们可以看到，洛克和休谟强调第一手的观察，并强调思想是一种感知，这是詹姆斯关于想象力丰富但观察力敏锐的小说家的概念的背景，是他对读者提出的认识论要求的背景，也是他表现人物意识的方式的背景，特别是在识别场景中。19世纪哲学家对主体在意识中的能动性的分歧反映在詹姆斯笔下的人物身上，这些人物的印象轮流从外部攻击他们，或者部分是他们自己创造的虚构。
Chapter 2 begins the book’s intellectual history of the impression from the seventeenth century to the twentieth (which continues in Chapter 3). These contexts come from two movements, empiricism and aestheticism. Chapter 2 explores empiricist contexts, arguing that James’s impression owes much to empiricist philosophy (John Locke, David Hume), and nineteenth-century empiricist psychology (James Mill, J. S. Mill, Franz Brentano, Ernst Mach, William James). By tracking the word ‘impression’, we can see that Locke and Hume’s stress on first-hand observation, and on thought as a kind of perception, are contexts for James’s conception of the imaginative but observant novelist, for the epistemological demands he makes on his readers, and for the way he represents his characters’ consciousnesses, especially in recognition scenes. Nineteenth-century empiricists’ divergence as to the agency of the subject in consciousness is reflected in James’s characters whose impressions by turns assault them from the exterior, or are partly fictions of their own making.