Spatial and temporal cognitive mapping: a neural network approach.
Spatial and temporal cognitive mapping: a neural network approach.
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空间和时间认知映射：一种神经网络方法。
DOI：
10.1016/s1364-6613(97)89057-2
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发表时间：
1997
影响因子：
19.9
通讯作者：
Buhusi,CV
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schmajuk,NA;Buhusi,CV
托尔曼认为，认知行为是有目的的，可以用追求不同目标的方式来描述。在追求这些目标时，动物和人类表现出显著的适应性，这是目标寻求机制和认知地图相结合的结果。尽管目标寻求机制允许动物寻求不同的目标，采用独立于任何一组反应的替代行为策略，但认知地图允许整合多个独立的知识片段。虽然认知映射的概念已主要应用于空间映射，我们描述了如何空间和时间的认知地图可以机械地实现在经常性的联想网络存储空间位置的相邻性或时间事件的连续性。网络中空间位置或时间事件的再注入预测可以被概念化为图像，其序列可以被概念化为想象过程。目标寻求系统和认知地图的结合允许根据子目标（计划）的顺序来描述问题解决任务，以实现目标。虽然海马可能在关联皮层的空间和时间认知地图的存储中发挥重要作用，但额叶皮层可能参与目标寻求任务，决策和规划。
Tolman suggested that cognitive behavior is purposive and can be described in terms of how differant goals are pursued. When pursuing these goals, animals and humans display a remarkable adaptability, which is the result of the combination of a goal-seeking mechanism and a cognitive map. Whereas the goal-seeking mechanism permits the animal to seek different goals, adopting alternative behavioral strategies that are independent of any set of responses, the cognitive map allows the integration of multiple independent pieces of knowledge. Although the concept of cognitive mapping has been mostly applied to spatial mapping, we describe how both spatial and temporal cognitive maps can be mechanistically implemented in terms of recurrent associative networks which store either the adjacency of spatial locations or the contiguity of temporal events. The reinjected predictions of spatial locations or temporal events in the network can be conceptualized as images and their sequences conceptualized as the process of imagining. The combination of goal-seeking systems and cognitive maps permits the description of problem solving tasks in terms of the sequence of subgoals (a plan) to be pursued to reach the goal. Whereas the hippocampus might play a major role in the storage of both spatial and temporal cognitive maps in association cortex, the frontal cortex might participate in goal-seeking tasks, decision making and planing.