A framework for assessing and implementing the co-benefits of nature-based solutions in urban areas
A framework for assessing and implementing the co-benefits of nature-based solutions in urban areas
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.envsci.2017.07.008
复制
发表时间：
2017-11-01
影响因子：
6
通讯作者：
Calfapietra, Carlo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Raymond, Christopher M.;Frantzeskaki, Niki;Calfapietra, Carlo
为了应对城市地区气候适应能力、健康和福祉相关的挑战，当前的政策平台正在将重点从基于生态系统的解决方案转向基于自然的解决方案（NBS），其广泛定义为受自然启发和支持的社会挑战的解决方案。 NBS 带来了协同效益，例如提高地方吸引力、健康和生活质量以及创造绿色就业机会。很少有框架能够承认和评估国家统计局的此类共同效益的价值，并指导跨部门项目和政策的设计和实施。在本文中，我们首先制定了一个整体框架，用于评估 NBS 跨社会文化和社会经济系统、生物多样性、生态系统和气候等要素的共同效益（和成本）。该框架以对 1700 多份来自科学和实践的文件的审查为指导，这些文件涉及与全球城市相关的 10 个社会挑战。我们发现，NBS 在应对这 10 项社会挑战之内和之间都可以带来环境、社会和经济的协同效益和/或成本。在此基础上，我们制定并提出了将协同效益评估纳入政策和项目实施的七阶段流程。这七个阶段包括：1）识别问题或机会； 2）选择和评估NBS及相关行动； 3）设计NBS实施流程； 4）实施国家统计局； 5）经常与利益相关者互动并沟通共同利益； 6) 中转及高档NBS； 7) 监控和评估各个阶段的协同效益。我们的结论是，所开发的框架以及七阶段协同效益评估流程是指导思维和识别 NBS 实施的多重价值的宝贵工具。
To address challenges associated with climate resilience, health and well-being in urban areas, current policy platforms are shifting their focus from ecosystem-based to nature-based solutions (NBS), broadly defined as solutions to societal challenges that are inspired and supported by nature. NBS result in the provision of co-benefits, such as the improvement of place attractiveness, of health and quality of life, and creation of green jobs. Few frameworks exist for acknowledging and assessing the value of such co-benefits of NBS and to guide cross-sectoral project and policy design and implementation. In this paper, we firstly developed a holistic framework for assessing co-benefits (and costs) of NBS across elements of socio-cultural and socio-economic systems, biodiversity, ecosystems and climate. The framework was guided by a review of over 1700 documents from science and practice within and across 10 societal challenges relevant to cities globally. We found that NBS can have environmental, social and economic co-benefits and/or costs both within and across these 10 societal challenges. On that base, we develop and propose a seven-stage process for situating co-benefit assessment within policy and project implementation. The seven stages include: 1) identify problem or opportunity; 2) select and assess NBS and related actions; 3) design NBS implementation processes; 4) implement NBS; 5) frequently engage stakeholders and communicate co-benefits; 6) transfer and upscale NBS; and 7) monitor and evaluate co-benefits across all stages. We conclude that the developed framework together with the seven-stage co-benefit assessment process represent a valuable tool for guiding thinking and identifying the multiple values of NBS implementation.