DO MOVEMENTS OCCUR IN THE VISUAL CELLS AND RETINAL PIGMENT OF MAN?
DO MOVEMENTS OCCUR IN THE VISUAL CELLS AND RETINAL PIGMENT OF MAN?
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人类的视觉细胞和视网膜色素会发生运动吗？
DOI：
10.1126/science.42.1095.915
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发表时间：
1915
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
L. B. Arey
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
L. B. Arey
2大肠例如，在一个实施例中，R.豪登，1913年，在坎宁安的”解剖学”，第4版，第817页。EA Spitzka，1910年，在格雷的“解剖学”，第18版，第1106页。Pier-sol，GA，1906，”Human Anatomy，”p. 1463. 3E.例如，在一个实施例中，贝利，公关，1913年，《历史学的文本钩》，第四版，第556页。皮尔索尔湾一、1913年，《正常组织学》，第10版，第348.4页。例如，在一个实施例中，Halliburton，WD，1910，”生理学手册”，第9版，第843页。Starling，E. H、1912年，《人类生理学原理》，第630页（隐含）。人眼的视网膜色素在光和暗中经历位置变化。这种色素在黑暗中在脉络膜旁边形成一个致密层，据说在光照下向外部界膜移动，从而形成与视杆细胞和视锥细胞相互交错的突起。如果没有明确说明，至少暗示这种反应是很明显的，实际的迁移是广泛的。这种观点被普遍接受，因为它表达了视网膜生理学的一个常识。这是很值得的，而审查的事实，其有效性所依据的。无尾两栖动物的视网膜色素会发生照相机械学上的变化，这一事实首先由波尔（Boll）和基内（Kiihne）在1877年独立地在青蛙身上证实，任何一个愿意进行必要实验的人都可以证实。在鱼类身上也得到了类似的结果，在许多情况下甚至更惊人（Stort，'86）。[7] Angelucci（第78页）[8]同样首次报道了这种情况也适用于作为有尾目两栖动物的Triton，而Stort（'87）[9]以鸽子为材料，再次提出了鸟类视网膜中最早的证明。另一方面，当爬行动物和哺乳动物被考虑时，文献立刻变得矛盾。然而，Angelucci（'90）报道了陆龟视网膜中相当有限的色素迁移，Chiarini（' 06）11也指出，
2 E. g., R. Howden, 1913, in Cunningham's" Anatomy," 4th ed., p. 817. EA Spitzka, 1910, in Gray's" Anatomy," 18th ed., p. 1106. Pier-sol, GA, 1906," Human Anatomy," p. 1463. 3E. g., Bailey, P. R., 1913,'Text-hook of His-tology," 4thed., p. 556. Piersol, G. A., 1913," Normal Histology," 10th ed., p. 348.4£. g., Halliburton, WD, 1910," Handbook of Physiology," 9th ed., p. 843. Starling, E. H., 1912,"{Principles of Human Physiology," p. 630 (by implication). retinal pigment of the human eye undergoes positional changesin light and in darkness. The pigment, which, in the dark, forms a com-pact layer next to the choroid, is said to mi-grate towards the external limiting membrane in the light, thereby forming processes which interdigitate with the rods and cones. If not explicitly stated, it is at least implied that this response is well marked and the actual migration extensive. This view is so generally accepted as expressing a commonplace of retinal physiology t. hat it is well worth while to examine the facts upon which its validity rests. That photomechanical changes take place in the retinal pigment of anuran amphibians, a fact first established independently by Boll5 and by Kiihne6 on the frog in 1877, may be substantiated by any one who will perform the necessary experiments. Similar results, in many cases even more striking, were obtained on fishes (Stort,'86). 7 Angelucci (p78) 8 likewise first reported this condition to hold for Triton as a type of urodele amphibian, and Stort ('87), 9 using the pigeon for material, again presented the earliest demonstration in the retina of birds. wnen reptiles and mammals are considered, on the otherhand, the literature at once be-comes contradictory. Angelucci ('90), 1o how-ever, reported a rather limited pigmentmigration in the retina of Testudo marina, and Chiarini ('06) 11 also states that a distinct but