THE IMPACT OF A MILITARY AIR DISASTER ON THE HEALTH OF ASSISTANCE WORKERS - A PROSPECTIVE-STUDY
THE IMPACT OF A MILITARY AIR DISASTER ON THE HEALTH OF ASSISTANCE WORKERS - A PROSPECTIVE-STUDY
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DOI：
10.1097/00005053-198906000-00001
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发表时间：
1989-06-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
INGRAHAM, LH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
BARTONE, PT;URSANO, RJ;INGRAHAM, LH
1985年12月12日，美国陆军历史上最严重的和平时期灾难发生在纽芬兰的甘德。一架载有248名在西奈沙漠执行维和任务的士兵的包机在加油后坠毁，机上人员全部遇难。坠机事件发生后，陆军家庭援助工作人员被指派帮助每位阵亡士兵的幸存家属。虽然人们对突发灾害对幸存者和失去亲人的亲属的影响给予了大量关注，但对扮演帮助者角色的人的健康风险所知甚少。本研究旨在：1)确定灾害家庭援助工作者的主要压力区域；B)检查暴露于这些压力源的程度与健康之间的关系，以及c)定位可能调节暴露的任何不良影响的风险因素或抗性资源。一项调查工具评估了131名家庭援助官员在事故发生后6个月和1年后家庭帮助活动的持续时间和强度、心理健康、精神症状、主要疾病指标以及社会和人格变量。结果表明，在时间1测量的暴露与时间2的健康、症状和疾病之间存在剂量反应效应。协方差分析结果还表明，社会支持（工作主管、家庭和朋友）调节暴露对症状和幸福感的影响。社会支持和人格风格的耐受性（或性格弹性）相互作用，调节暴露对疾病的影响。研究结果表明：帮助者压力对家庭援助工作者存在延迟性负向影响；社会支持和人格韧性对家庭援助工作者具有保护作用。因此，该领域的进一步研究应考虑社会/情境变量和人格倾向在应对灾难援助压力方面的潜在影响。
The worst peacetime disaster in United States Army history occurred on December 12, 1985 in Gander, Newfoundland. A charter airline carrying 248 soliders home from peacekeeping duties in the Sinai Desert crashed after a refueling stop, killing all on board. After the crash, Army family assistance workers were appointed to help the surviving family members of each dead soldier. While substantial attention has been paid to the impact of sudden disasters on survivors and bereaved relatives, little is known about the health risks to those who perform helper roles. This study aimed to: 1) identify the major stress areas for disaster family assistance workers; b) examine the relation between degree of exposure to these stressors and health, and c) locate risk factors, or resistance resources that might modulate any ill effects of exposure. A survey instrument assessed duration and intensity of family-helping activities and psychological well-being, psychiatric symptoms, major illness indicators, and social and personality variables at 6 months after the crash and again at the 1-year point for 131 family assistance officers. Results indicate a dose-response effect between exposure measured at time 1 and well-being, symptoms, and illness at time 2. Analysis of covariance findings also show that social supports (work supervisors, family, and friends) modulate the effects of exposure on symptoms and well-being. Social supports and the personality style of hardiness (or dispositional resilience) interact to modulate the effects of exposure on illness. These results demonstrate: a) a delayed negative impact of helper stress on family assistance workers, and b) a protective function of social supports and personality hardiness. Further research in this area should thus consider the potential influence of social/situational variables and personality dispositions in coping with disaster helper stress.