Sharing of prey: coinfection of a bacterium by a virus and a prokaryotic predator.
Sharing of prey: coinfection of a bacterium by a virus and a prokaryotic predator.
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猎物的共享：通过病毒和原核生物捕食者共同感染细菌。
作者：
Chen H;Williams HN
很少，如果有的话，一个细菌细胞被证实同时拥有两种根本不同的捕食者。两种这样的捕食者是病毒和捕食性原核生物，被称为蛭弧菌和类似生物。病毒或噬菌体是需要处于活跃代谢状态的被捕食细胞来完成其生命周期的颗粒。与病毒不同的是，蛭弧菌和类似生物是能够有效感染处于静止阶段的猎物并在其中生长的细菌。在这项研究中，电子显微镜检查发现创伤弧菌两种病原体史无前例的混合感染，引入了一种新的细菌捕食范式。而不是病毒和蛭弧菌以及类似的生物争夺一个猎物细胞，两者都可以在同一个细胞中生存并成功繁殖。当猎物供不应求，捕食者的生存可能岌岌可危时，这是一个特别有价值的机制。本文描述了原核生物的猎物或宿主细胞同时感染噬菌体(噬菌体)和蛭弧菌及类似生物群的捕食性细菌(Balos)。这种混合感染以前没有报道过，因此引入了一种新的捕食细菌的范例。这一发现引发了对巴洛斯、噬菌体和猎物在捕食过程中相互作用的新研究。捕食是自然界中帮助控制细菌种群的重要机制，也在通过微生物循环的营养循环中发挥重要作用。噬菌体和巴洛斯的双重感染如何施加这些和其他捕食功能是未来研究的肥沃土壤，并作为细菌捕食和死亡的关键参考。
Rarely, if ever, has a single bacterial cell been confirmed to simultaneously host two fundamentally different predators. Two such predators are viruses and the predatory prokaryotes known as Bdellovibrio and like organisms. Viruses or bacteriophage are particles requiring prey cells in an active metabolic state to complete their life cycle. The Bdellovibrio and like organisms, unlike viruses, are bacteria that can efficiently infect and grow in prey which are in stationary phase. In this study, electron microscopic examination revealed an unprecedented coinfection by the two agents of Vibrio vulnificus, introducing a new bacterial predation paradigm. Rather than the viruses and Bdellovibrio and like organisms competing for a single prey cell, both can survive in the same cell and successfully reproduce themselves. This is an especially valuable mechanism when the prey is in short supply, and the survival of the predators may be at stake. This article describes the coinfection of a prokaryotic prey or host cell by both a bacteriophage (phage) and the predatory bacterium of the group Bdellovibrio and like organisms (BALOs). Such coinfection has not been previously reported and therefore introduces a new paradigm for predation of bacteria. This finding invites new studies on the interactions of BALOs, phage, and prey in predation. Predation is an important mechanism in nature for helping to keep bacterial populations in check and also plays a major role in the cycling of nutrients through the microbial loop. How dual infection of phage and BALOs imposes on these and other functions of predation is fertile ground for future studies and serves as a keystone reference on bacterial predation and mortality.