Food and Nutrient Intake and Nutritional Status of Finnish Vegans and Non-Vegetarians
Food and Nutrient Intake and Nutritional Status of Finnish Vegans and Non-Vegetarians
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0148235
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发表时间：
2016-02-03
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Laakso, Juha
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Elorinne, Anna-Liisa;Alfthan, Georg;Laakso, Juha
素食和纯素饮食在青少年和年轻人中越来越受欢迎。然而，很少有研究调查了素食者的营养状况，他们可能有营养缺乏的风险。目的比较芬兰长期素食者和非素食者的膳食摄入量和营养状况。方法采用3天的膳食记录对膳食摄入量和补充剂使用情况进行评估。通过测量血浆、血清和尿液样本中的生物标志物来评估营养状况。纯素食者（n = 22）的数据与性别和年龄相匹配的非素食者（n = 19）的数据进行了比较。结果：所有素食者都严格遵守自己的饮食；然而，个体差异在食物消费和补充习惯上是明显的。纯素食者饮食中关键营养素维生素B12和维生素D的摄入量低于非素食者（P < 0.001）。营养生物标志物测量显示，血清25-羟基维生素D3 （25(OH) D3）、碘和硒的浓度较低（经过多次比较校正，P < 0.001），纯素食者显示出更有利的脂肪酸谱（P < 0.001），以及更高浓度的多酚，如染料木素和大豆苷元（P < 0.001）。纯素食者体内二十碳五烯酸的比例高于预期。两组患者尿液中碘的中位数浓度均低于推荐水平。结论：长期食用纯素饮食与一些有利的实验室测量结果有关，但与参考值相比，也与关键营养素浓度降低有关。这项研究强调了对素食者进行营养指导的必要性。
BackgroundVegetarian and vegan diets have become more popular among adolescents and young adults. However, few studies have investigated the nutritional status of vegans, who may be at risk of nutritional deficiencies.ObjectiveTo compare dietary intake and nutritional status of Finnish long-term vegans and non-vegetarians.MethodsDietary intake and supplement use were estimated using three-day dietary records. Nutritional status was assessed by measuring biomarkers in plasma, serum, and urine samples. Vegans' (n = 22) data was compared with those of sex-and age-matched non-vegetarians (n = 19).ResultsAll vegans adhered strictly to their diet; however, individual variability was marked in food consumption and supplementation habits. Dietary intakes of key nutrients, vitamins B12 and D, were lower (P < 0.001) in vegans than in non-vegetarians. Nutritional biomarker measurements showed lower concentrations of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH) D3), iodine and selenium (corrected for multiple comparisons, P < 0.001), Vegans showed more favorable fatty acid profiles (P < 0.001) as well as much higher concentrations of polyphenols such as genistein and daidzein (P < 0.001). Eicosapentaenoic acid proportions in vegans were higher than expected. The median concentration of iodine in urine was below the recommended levels in both groups.ConclusionsLong-term consumption of a vegan diet was associated with some favorable laboratory measures but also with lowered concentrations of key nutrients compared to reference values. This study highlights the need for nutritional guidance to vegans.