Molecular Diagnosis in Autoimmune Skin Blistering Conditions
Molecular Diagnosis in Autoimmune Skin Blistering Conditions
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DOI：
10.2174/15665240113136660079
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发表时间：
2014-01-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Sitaru, C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Otten, J. V.;Hashimoto, T.;Sitaru, C.
皮肤和粘膜上的水疱形成是由于细胞-细胞或细胞-基质的粘附丧失，是多种情况下病理事件的常见结果，包括自身免疫性和遗传性疾病、病毒和细菌感染，或物理和化学因素的损伤。自身抗体对抗维持细胞-细胞和细胞-基质黏附的结构成分诱导自身免疫性水疱病的组织损伤。检测组织结合或血清循环中的这些自身抗体对于诊断疾病的自身免疫性质至关重要。各种免疫荧光方法以及分子免疫测定，包括酶联免疫吸附测定和免疫印迹，属于这些疾病的现代诊断算法。在医生和公众中，仍然有相当大的需要提高对罕见的自身免疫性水疱疾病的认识，这种疾病通常表现出严重的慢性复发过程。本文综述了自身免疫性大疱性疾病的免疫病理特征以及目前可用于其诊断和监测的分子免疫检测方法。
Blister formation in skin and mucous membranes results from a loss of cell-cell or cell-matrix adhesion and is a common outcome of pathological events in a variety of conditions, including autoimmune and genetic diseases, viral and bacterial infections, or injury by physical and chemical factors. Autoantibodies against structural components maintaining cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion induce tissue damage in autoimmune blistering diseases. Detection of these autoantibodies either tissue-bound or circulating in serum is essential to diagnose the autoimmune nature of disease. Various immunofluorescence methods as well as molecular immunoassays, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblotting, belong to the modern diagnostic algorithms for these disorders. There is still a considerable need to increase awareness of the rare autoimmune blistering diseases, which often show a severe, chronic-relapsing course, among physicians and the public. This review article describes the immunopathological features of autoimmune bullous diseases and the molecular immunoassays currently available for their diagnosis and monitoring.