Neonicotinoid insecticide exposures reported to six poison centers in Texas
Neonicotinoid insecticide exposures reported to six poison centers in Texas
复制标题
DOI：
10.1177/0960327114522500
复制
发表时间：
2014-06-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Forrester, M. B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Forrester, M. B.
新烟碱是一种相对较新的杀虫剂。新烟碱主要用于农业，也用于家畜的跳蚤控制。有关人类接触新烟碱的信息有限。确定了2000-2012年期间向德克萨斯州毒物中心报告的新烟碱暴露情况，并检查了选定因素的分布情况。在1,142次接触中，大多数产品含有吡虫啉(77%)或敌百威(17%)。暴露是季节性的，有一半的报告发生在5-8月。最常见的暴露途径是摄入(51%)、皮肤(44%)和眼睛(11%)。按年龄分布依次为5岁以下(28%)、6~19岁(9%)、20岁以上(61%)、不明(2%)，女性占。其中，97%的接触是无意的，97%发生在患者自己的住所。管理点在现场(92%)，已经在/正在前往卫生保健机构(6%)，并提到卫生保健机构(2%)。治疗结果：无效(22%)、轻微(11%)、中度(1%)、无毒(14%)、无轻微(46%)、无潜在毒性(1%)、无相关性(4%)。最常见的临床不良反应是眼刺激(6%)、皮肤刺激(5%)、恶心(3%)、呕吐(2%)、口腔刺激(2%)、红斑(2%)和红眼(2%)。最常见的治疗方法是稀释/洗涤(85%)和食物(6%)。综上所述，这些数据表明，报告给中毒中心的大多数新烟碱暴露可能是在卫生保健机构之外进行管理的，几乎没有预期的临床效果。
Neonicotinoids are a relatively newer class of insecticide. Used primarily in agriculture, neonicotinoids are also used for flea control in domestic animals. Information on human exposures to neonicotinoids is limited. Neonicotinoid exposures reported to Texas poison centers during 2000-2012 were identified and the distribution by selected factors examined. Of 1,142 total exposures, most products contained imidacloprid (77%) or dinotefuran (17%). The exposures were seasonal with half reported during May-August. The most common routes of exposure were ingestion (51%), dermal (44%), and ocular (11%). The distribution by patient age was 5 years or less (28%), 6-19 years (9%), 20 years or more (61%), and unknown (2%); and 64% of the patients were female. Of all, 97% of the exposures were unintentional and 97% occurred at the patient's own residence. The management site was on-site (92%), already at/en route to a health care facility (6%), and referred to a health care facility (2%). The medical outcomes included no effect (22%), minor effect (11%), moderate effect (1%), not followed judged nontoxic (14%), not followed minimal effects (46%), unable to follow potentially toxic (1%), and unrelated effect (4%). The most commonly reported adverse clinical effects were ocular irritation (6%), dermal irritation (5%), nausea (3%), vomiting (2%), oral irritation (2%), erythema (2%), and red eye (2%). The most frequently reported treatments were dilution/wash (85%) and food (6%). In summary, these data suggest that the majority of neonicotinoid exposures reported to the poison centers may be managed outside of health care facilities with few clinical effects expected.