A natural disaster and intimate partner violence: Evidence over time
A natural disaster and intimate partner violence: Evidence over time
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DOI：
10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.112804
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发表时间：
2020-02-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Rao, Smitha
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Rao, Smitha
自然灾害每年影响约2亿人。亲密伴侣暴力加剧是这些破坏性事件对性别的影响。本研究调查了2004年印度洋海啸前后印度泰米尔纳德邦、喀拉拉邦、安得拉德邦和卡纳塔克邦四个邦IPV的流行情况及其相关因素。根据印度全国家庭健康调查的三次浪潮——灾前六年、灾后六年和灾后十年，本文评估泰米尔纳德邦和喀拉拉邦（严重受灾）是否比安德拉德邦（中度受灾）和卡纳塔克邦（未直接受灾）表现出更高的IPV患病率。逻辑回归分析确定IPV、居住状态（代表灾难经历）和其他协变量之间的关联。为了检验由脆弱性理论指导的假设，IPV在跨波国家的社会经济和人口预测指标上进行了回归。2005年至2015年期间IPV增长了48%。身体暴力（61%）和性暴力（232%）的增幅在泰米尔纳德邦最高；卡纳塔克邦的情绪暴力增加了122%。灾后居住地与IPV有关。2005年，与卡马塔卡相比，泰米尔纳德邦患IPV的几率高98%，喀拉拉邦高41%。十年后，泰米尔纳德邦的几率是卡纳塔克邦的两倍。属于弱势群体的人在灾后一年患IPV的几率更高。除了喀拉拉邦，社会经济地位越高，IPV的发病率越低。数据表明，社会经济和人口脆弱性因素如何影响灾后IPV风险。随着时间的推移，宗教和种姓等人口因素似乎失去了重要性，但社会经济因素仍然很重要。如果不解决长期存在的不平等问题，灾害应对战略很少奏效。在非灾害情况下为妇女和少数群体提供适当的支助系统对于确保其状况不恶化至关重要。
Natural disasters affect about 200 million people annually. Heightened intimate partner violence (IPV) is a gendered impact of these disruptive events. This study examines prevalence and correlates of IPV in four Indian states-TamilNadu, Kerala, AndhraPradesh, and Karnataka-before and after the Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004. Drawing on three waves of National Family Health Surveys of India-six years before, immediately after, and a decade after disaster, this paper evaluates if TamilNadu and Kerala (severely affected) exhibited higher prevalence of IPV than AndhraPradesh (moderately affected) and Karnataka (not directly affected). Logistic regression analyses determine association between IPV, state of residence (proxy for experience of disaster), and other covariates. To test hypotheses guided by vulnerability theory, IPV was regressed on socio-economic and demographic predictors for states across waves. IPV increased by 48% between 2005 and 2015. Increase in physical (61%) and sexual (232%) violence was highest in TamilNadu; emotional violence increased by 122% in Karnataka. State of residence was associated with IPV in the aftermath of disaster. In 2005, compared to Kamataka, odds of IPV were 98% higher in TamilNadu and 41% higher in Kerala. A decade after, odds were two times higher in TamilNadu than in Karnataka. Belonging to disadvantaged groups predicted higher odds of IPV in the year after disaster. Higher socio-economic status predicted lower odds of IPV, except in Kerala. Data point to ways in which socio-economic and demographic vulnerabilities factor into risk of IPV after disaster. Demographic factors of religion and caste appear to lose significance over time, but socio-economic factors continue to matter. Disaster response strategies seldom work without tackling long-standing inequities. Appropriate support systems for women and minorities in non-disaster situations are critical to ensure their conditions are not exacerbated.