Successful and unsuccessful attempts to swallow in a reduced Aplysia preparation regulate feeding responses and produce memory at different neural sites
Successful and unsuccessful attempts to swallow in a reduced Aplysia preparation regulate feeding responses and produce memory at different neural sites
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DOI：
10.1101/lm.048983.118
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发表时间：
2019-05-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Susswein，Abraham J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
McManus，Jeffrey M.;Chiel，Hillel J.;Susswein，Abraham J.
感官反馈塑造持续的行为，并可能产生学习和记忆。在一个减少的AussiaPreparation中，检测了对可食用或不可食用食物的运动反应，以测试感觉反馈如何影响行为和记忆。通过将拟胆碱药应用于脑神经节来启动进食模式。颊肌的反馈增加了反应的变异性和反应率。重复应用拟胆碱引起反应减少，部分表现为延长延长。吞咽条状的“可食用”食物，这在完整的动物诱导学习，增强摄取，增加反应率，缩短延长长度，反映更多的吞咽。通过重复该程序来测试记忆，可以防止单独使用拟胆碱药时观察到的反应率下降，并缩短延长时间。用“不可食用”的食物训练，在完整的动物中产生学习，表现为反应减少，导致延长。通过重复这个过程来测试记忆力并没有导致反应减少或延长。在使用可食用或不可食用的食物进行训练和测试后，所有制剂均暴露于单独的拟胆碱药。先前用可食用食物训练的制剂显示记忆，表现为延长长度减少。先前用不可食用的食物训练的制剂显示许多反应参数下降。对不可食用食物的记忆可能部分地通过突触后减少来产生，突触后减少是对感觉食物的传入神经释放的乙酰胆碱的反应。在单独应用拟胆碱药之前的两次训练期间，反应数量和反应维持的时间没有变化，这表明记忆表达可能不同于训练期间的行为变化。
Sensory feedback shapes ongoing behavior and may produce learning and memory. Motor responses to edible or inedible food in a reducedAplysiapreparation were examined to test how sensory feedback affects behavior and memory. Feeding patterns were initiated by applying a cholinomimetic onto the cerebral ganglion. Feedback from buccal muscles increased the response variability and response rate. Repeated application of the cholinomimetic caused decreased responses, expressed in part by lengthening protractions. Swallowing strips of “edible” food, which in intact animals induces learning that enhances ingestion, increased the response rate, and shortened the protraction length, reflecting more swallowing. Testing memory by repeating the procedure prevented the decrease in response rate observed with the cholinomimetic alone, and shortened protractions. Training with “inedible” food that in intact animals produces learning expressed by decreased responses caused lengthened protractions. Testing memory by repeating the procedure did not cause decreased responses or lengthened protractions. After training and testing with edible or inedible food, all preparations were exposed to the cholinomimetic alone. Preparations previously trained with edible food displayed memory expressed as decreased protraction length. Preparations previously trained with inedible food showed decreases in many response parameters. Memory for inedible food may arise in part via a postsynaptic decrease in response to acetylcholine released by afferents sensing food. The lack of change in response number, and in the time that responses are maintained during the two training sessions preceding application of the cholinomimetic alone suggests that memory expression may differ from behavioral changes during training.