Animal models of bipolar mania: The past, present and future.
Animal models of bipolar mania: The past, present and future.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.08.041
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发表时间：
2016-05-03
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
McClung CA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Logan RW;McClung CA
根据世界卫生组织的数据，双相情感障碍 (BD) 是世界第六大残疾原因，每年仅在美国就有近 600 万（约占人口的 2.5%）成年人受到影响。 BD 的主要特征是抑郁（例如无助、精力和活动减少以及快感缺失）和躁狂（例如精力增加和多动、睡眠需求减少、冲动、焦虑和抑郁减少）发作的情绪循环。以下综述描述了几种双相躁狂动物模型，重点关注使用转基因小鼠的最新发现，其中包括几种有可能研究“情绪”循环（或啮齿类动物行为转换）机制的潜力。我们讨论这些模型是否满足有效性标准（即表面、预测和构造），同时强调它们的优点和局限性。动物模型正在帮助解决与双相躁狂病理生理学相关的关键问题，以便更清楚地定义一线药物、锂和丙戊酸的必要靶点，并发现新的机制，以期开发出更有效的治疗方法。未来的研究将利用新技术和策略来整合动物和人类数据，以揭示对双相情感障碍的病因学、病理生理学和治疗的重要见解。
Bipolar disorder (BD) is the sixth leading cause of disability in the world according to the World Health Organization and affects nearly 6 million (~2.5% of the population) adults in the United State alone each year. BD is primarily characterized by mood cycling of depressive (e.g., helplessness, reduced energy and activity, and anhedonia) and manic (e.g., increased energy and hyperactivity, reduced need for sleep, impulsivity, reduced anxiety and depression), episodes. The following review describes several animal models of bipolar mania with a focus on more recent findings using genetically modified mice, including several with the potential of investigating the mechanisms underlying ‘mood’ cycling (or behavioral switching in rodents). We discuss whether each of these models satisfy criteria of validity (i.e., face, predictive, and construct), while highlighting their strengths and limitations. Animal models are helping to address critical questions related to pathophysiology of bipolar mania, in an effort to more clearly define necessary targets of first-line medications, lithium and valproic acid, and to discover novel mechanisms with the hope of developing more effective therapeutics. Future studies will leverage new technologies and strategies for integrating animal and human data to reveal important insights into the etiology, pathophysiology, and treatment of BD.