Efficiency of protein synthesis after fertilisation of sea urchin eggs
Efficiency of protein synthesis after fertilisation of sea urchin eggs
复制标题
海胆卵受精后蛋白质合成效率
DOI：
10.1038/278469a0
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发表时间：
1979
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Alegria Albers
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. B. Hille;Alegria Albers
阐明细胞质控制蛋白质合成的机制对于理解胚胎发生的启动是至关重要的。在受精过程中，棘球蛋白卵子的蛋白质合成速度提高了许多倍，与核糖体或mRNA合成的增加无关1-4。在受精2小时内，多聚核糖体中的核糖体数量增加了约25倍，而不改变多聚核糖体的大小分布5，6。此外，多核糖体的数量又通过原肠作用增加了一倍。然而，从卵到原肠，蛋白质合成的总速度增加了113倍。如果核糖体沿每个消息的移动速度(延长)和/或完整多肽的释放速度(终止)也增加，则可以解释招募到多聚核糖体的核糖体数量增加50倍与蛋白质合成速度增加113倍之间的差异。我们在这里报道，在海胆(Strongylotrotus Puratus)受精后，翻译率增加了约2.5倍。对这些卵子和几个阶段的胚胎的平均通过时间(平均大小的肽的延长和终止时间)进行了测量。
ELUCIDATION of the mechanisms involved in the cytoplasmic control of protein synthesis is essential for an understanding of the initiation of embryogenesis. On fertilisation, echinoid eggs increase their rate of protein synthesis many-fold, independent of any increase in ribosomal or mRNA synthesis1–4. Within 2 h of fertilisation the number of ribosomes in polyribosomes increases about 25-fold without any change in the size distribution of poly ribosomes5,6. In addition, the polyribosome number doubles again by gastrulation. However, the total rate of protein synthesis increases 113-fold from egg to gastrulation7. The discrepancy between the number of ribosomes recruited into polyribosomes, an increase of ≈50 fold, and the total increase in the rate of protein synthesis, a 113-fold increase, could be explained if there were also an increase in the rate of movement of ribosomes along each message (elongation) and/or an increase in the rate of release of completed peptides (termination). We report here that the translational rate is increased about 2.5-fold after fertilisation in the sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. The average transit time (elongation plus termination time for an average-sized peptide) was measured for these eggs and several stages of embryos.