Domestic Water Consumption under Intermittent and Continuous Modes of Water Supply
Domestic Water Consumption under Intermittent and Continuous Modes of Water Supply
复制标题
间歇和连续供水方式下的生活用水量
DOI：
10.1007/s11269-014-0520-7
复制
发表时间：
2014-02-01
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Geissen, Violette
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Fan, Liangxin;Liu, Guobin;Geissen, Violette
尽管大量文献强调间歇性供水的缺点，但它在发展中国家的农村地区仍然普遍存在。了解供水时间限制对生活用水活动和模式的影响，特别是出于卫生目的，对于详细说明供水非常重要。我们研究了间歇性和连续供水对中国渭河流域中部地区村庄用水量和相关活动的影响。数据来自对样本村 225 户家庭的调查。与24 h d−1（每天小时）连续供水相比，采用间歇供水可以减少生活用水量。然而，它带来了卫生行为方面的风险，特别是洗脸、洗手、洗脚的频率，以及家庭成员之间共用水的频率。在轻微供水限制（≥6 和 < 24 h d−1）下，室外用水量比室内用水量受到的影响更大，而在中等供水限制（>1.5 和 < 6 h d−1）下，室内用水受影响最大。供应限制较高的村庄（≤1.5 h d−1）仅满足家庭使用的最低基本要求，33.6–34.7 L c−1d−1（人均每天升）。我们的结论是，发展中国家农村社区间歇性供水的每日供水时间的确定应更多地考虑供水时间限制下用水活动和模式的差异。
Although an extensive literature emphasizes the disadvantages of intermittent water supply, it remains prevalent in rural areas of developing countries. Understanding the effects of water supply time restrictions on domestic water use activities and patterns, especially for hygienic purposes, is important for the elaboration of the water supply. We studied the influence of intermittent and continuous water supply on water consumption and related activities in villages in the central region of the Wei River basin, China. Data were collected from a survey of 225 households in the sampled villages. Compared with a continuous water supply of 24 h d−1(hours per day), adopting an intermittent water supply can reduce domestic water consumption. However, it presents risks in terms of hygiene behavior, particularly the frequency of face, hands, and feet washing, as well as water sharing among family members. Outdoor water consumption is more affected than indoor water consumption under slight supply restriction (≥6 and < 24 h d−1), whereas indoor water use is most affected under moderate supply restriction (>1.5 and < 6 h d−1). Villages with high supply restriction (≤1.5 h d−1) meet only the minimum basic requirements for domestic use, 33.6–34.7 L c−1d−1(liters per capita per day). We conclude that the determination of the daily water delivery duration for intermittent water supply in rural communities of developing countries should give greater consideration to differences in water use activities and patterns under the water supply time restrictions.