Soviet Hegemony of Form: Everything Was Forever, Until It Was No More
Soviet Hegemony of Form: Everything Was Forever, Until It Was No More
复制标题
苏联的形式霸权：一切都是永恒的，直到不再存在
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2003
影响因子：
0.7
通讯作者：
Alexei Yurchak
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Alexei Yurchak
这篇论文是由一个自20世纪80年代末以来一直困扰着包括我自己在内的许多前苏联人的个人问题引发的：如何理解我们成长和生活的巨大而看似单一的苏联制度和生活方式的突然消失？是什么让苏联体制的“崩溃”不仅对大多数西方苏联问题专家，而且对大多数苏联人民来说都显得完全不可想象，而且速度之快令人惊讶？我在过去十年里在俄罗斯收集的各种材料反映了崩溃的意外和不确定性。这个问题不是关于崩溃的“原因”，而是关于它的“可能性条件”：什么条件使崩溃成为可能，同时又使这种可能性不可见？为了开始讨论这个问题，我们必须分析苏联社会主义的特殊“文化”是如何无形地为崩溃创造了条件，同时又使它出乎意料。这些条件出现的时期，即改革开始前的大约30年（1950年代中期到1980年代中期），我将把苏联称为“晚期社会主义”。
This paper was prompted by a personal question that has puzzled many former Soviet people, myself included, since the late 1980s: How to make sense of the sudden evaporation of the colossal and seemingly monolithic Soviet system and way of life, in which we grew up and lived? What was it about the Soviet system that made its “collapse” appear completely unimaginable and surprisingly fast not only to most Western Sovietologists but also to most Soviet people? The experience of the unexpectedness and abruptness of the collapse is reflected in diverse materials I have collected in Russia in the past ten years. This question is not about the “causes” for the collapse but about its “conditions of possibility”: what conditions made the collapse possible while keeping that possibility invisible? To begin addressing this question, we must analyze how the particular “culture” of Soviet socialism invisibly created the conditions for the collapse and at the same time rendered it unexpected. The period when these conditions emerged, the approximately thirty years preceding the beginning of perestroika (the mid-1950s to the mid-1980s), I shall call Soviet “Late Socialism.”