Effects of sterilization methods on gelatin methacryloyl hydrogel properties and macrophage gene expressionin vitro.
Effects of sterilization methods on gelatin methacryloyl hydrogel properties and macrophage gene expressionin vitro.
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DOI：
10.1088/1748-605x/aca4b2
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发表时间：
2022-12-07
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为确保植入后的长期安全性和功能性能，对生物材料植入物进行彻底灭菌至关重要。灭菌不彻底会导致植入部位发生严重的炎症和感染，进而引发不良的发病情况甚至死亡。巨噬细胞在生物材料植入体内后的炎症和异物反应中起着关键作用。然而，灭菌过程与巨噬细胞反应之间的关系尚未确定。在本研究中，采用了三种常用的灭菌方法，包括高压蒸汽灭菌、环氧乙烷气体灭菌和乙醇处理，对明胶甲基丙烯酰基（GelMA）水凝胶进行灭菌。比较了不同灭菌方法对水凝胶结构和力学性能的影响。基于巨噬细胞的形态、活力和体外基因表达，分析了巨噬细胞对灭菌水凝胶的反应。研究发现，灭菌方法仅轻微改变了水凝胶的形态、溶胀行为和弹性模量，但在体外48小时内和7天以上显著影响巨噬细胞的基因表达。因此，在为GelMA水凝胶选择灭菌方法时，不仅要考虑无菌性和水凝胶的特性，例如温度和湿度导致的材料破坏和降解，还应考虑细胞对灭菌材料可能存在的显著不同的反应。
To assure the long-term safety and functional performance after implantation, it is of critical importance to completely sterilize a biomaterial implant. Ineffective sterilization can cause severe inflammation and infection at the implant site, leading to detrimental events of morbidity and even mortality. Macrophages are pivotal players in the inflammatory and foreign body response after implanting a biomaterial in the body. However, the relationship between the sterilization procedure and macrophage response has not been established. In this study, three commonly used sterilization methods, including autoclaving, ethylene oxide gas and ethanol treatment, were used to sterilize a gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel. The impacts of different sterilization methods on the structure and mechanical properties of the hydrogel were compared. Macrophage responses to the sterilized hydrogel were analyzed based on their morphology, viability and in vitro gene expression. It was found that the sterilization methods only marginally altered the hydrogel morphology, swelling behavior and elastic modulus, but significantly impacted macrophage gene expression within 48 hours and over 7 days in vitro. Therefore, when selecting sterilization methods for GelMA hydrogel, not only the sterility and hydrogel properties, such as material destruction and degradation caused by temperature and moisture, should be taken into consideration, but also the cellular responses to the sterilized material which could be substantially different.