Mechanical regulation of early vertebrate embryogenesis
Mechanical regulation of early vertebrate embryogenesis
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DOI：
10.1038/s41580-021-00424-z
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发表时间：
2021-11
影响因子：
112.7
通讯作者：
M. Valet;E. Siggia;A. Brivanlou
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Valet;E. Siggia;A. Brivanlou
胚胎细胞在提供大量物理线索的环境中生长，包括塑造整个胚胎发育的机械力。尽管这些力量普遍存在，但它们在胚胎发育中的作用及其与化学信号的整合大多被忽视，现代分子胚胎学的审查倾向于解剖参与细胞命运决定和模式化的分子途径。现在可以研究机械信号如何诱导下游遗传调控网络来调控胚胎中的关键发育过程。在这里，我们回顾了早期脊椎动物发育的机械控制的见解，包括组织图案和胚胎轴形成的力量的作用。我们还强调了最近使用个体胚胎干细胞和人类胚胎自组织多细胞模型的体外方法，这些方法有助于扩大我们对人类胚胎发育过程中力学如何调节细胞命运和细胞重排的理解。
Embryonic cells grow in environments that provide a plethora of physical cues, including mechanical forces that shape the development of the entire embryo. Despite their prevalence, the role of these forces in embryonic development and their integration with chemical signals have been mostly neglected, and scrutiny in modern molecular embryology tilted, instead, towards the dissection of molecular pathways involved in cell fate determination and patterning. It is now possible to investigate how mechanical signals induce downstream genetic regulatory networks to regulate key developmental processes in the embryo. Here, we review the insights into mechanical control of early vertebrate development, including the role of forces in tissue patterning and embryonic axis formation. We also highlight recent in vitro approaches using individual embryonic stem cells and self-organizing multicellular models of human embryos, which have been instrumental in expanding our understanding of how mechanics tune cell fate and cellular rearrangements during human embryonic development.