Development of a new generation of high-resolution anatomical models for medical device evaluation: the Virtual Population 3.0
Development of a new generation of high-resolution anatomical models for medical device evaluation: the Virtual Population 3.0
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DOI：
10.1088/0031-9155/59/18/5287
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发表时间：
2014-09-21
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Kuster, Niels
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gosselin, Marie-Christine;Neufeld, Esra;Kuster, Niels
Virtual Family计算全身解剖人体模型最初是为了电磁（EM）暴露评估而开发的，特别是为了研究来自外部源的射频辐射的吸收如何取决于解剖结构。然而，这些模型立即引起了更广泛的兴趣，现在被300多个研究小组应用，其中许多来自医学应用研究领域。第一步，虚拟家庭扩大到虚拟人口，以提供相当广泛的人口覆盖面，包括年龄从5岁到84岁的男女模特。虽然这些模型已被证明是非常宝贵的EM剂量测定，很明显，显着增强模型需要可靠的有效性和安全性评估的诊断和治疗应用，包括医疗植入物的安全性。本文描述了为获得满足医疗植入物安全性评估应用所需要求的解剖模型而进行的研究和开发。这些包括实施质量控制程序、以更高分辨率重新分割、更一致的组织分配、增强的表面处理和众多的解剖学改进。开发了几种工具来增强模型的功能，包括离散化工具、用于扩展所覆盖的姿势空间的姿势工具和多个变形工具，例如，发展病理模型或现有模型的变体。一个全面的组织特性数据库被编译，以补充模型库。结果是一组解剖学上独立的，准确的，详细的模型，光滑，但功能丰富，拓扑符合表面。因此，该模型适合于创建非结构化网格，并可能的应用程序的模型扩展到更广泛的求解器和物理。这些改进的影响显示在植入骨科脊柱植入物的成年女性的MRI暴露中。未来的发展包括特定的物理和生理建模任务的模型的功能化。
The Virtual Family computational whole-body anatomical human models were originally developed for electromagnetic (EM) exposure evaluations, in particular to study how absorption of radiofrequency radiation from external sources depends on anatomy. However, the models immediately garnered much broader interest and are now applied by over 300 research groups, many from medical applications research fields. In a first step, the Virtual Family was expanded to the Virtual Population to provide considerably broader population coverage with the inclusion of models of both sexes ranging in age from 5 to 84 years old. Although these models have proven to be invaluable for EM dosimetry, it became evident that significantly enhanced models are needed for reliable effectiveness and safety evaluations of diagnostic and therapeutic applications, including medical implants safety. This paper describes the research and development performed to obtain anatomical models that meet the requirements necessary for medical implant safety assessment applications. These include implementation of quality control procedures, re-segmentation at higher resolution, more-consistent tissue assignments, enhanced surface processing and numerous anatomical refinements. Several tools were developed to enhance the functionality of the models, including discretization tools, posing tools to expand the posture space covered, and multiple morphing tools, e.g., to develop pathological models or variations of existing ones. A comprehensive tissue properties database was compiled to complement the library of models. The results are a set of anatomically independent, accurate, and detailed models with smooth, yet feature-rich and topologically conforming surfaces. The models are therefore suited for the creation of unstructured meshes, and the possible applications of the models are extended to a wider range of solvers and physics. The impact of these improvements is shown for the MRI exposure of an adult woman with an orthopedic spinal implant. Future developments include the functionalization of the models for specific physical and physiological modeling tasks.