Neophobia and dietary Conservatism: Two distinct processes?
Neophobia and dietary Conservatism: Two distinct processes?
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DOI：
10.1023/a:1011077731153
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发表时间：
1999-01-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Kelly, DJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Marples, NM;Kelly, DJ
鸟类在接近新的食物时表现出明显的犹豫，这被称为“新恐惧症”。在实验室饲养的鸟类中，比如家养的小鸡，这种影响最多持续几分钟，但在野生鸟类中，对新食物的犹豫攻击可以持续几周甚至几个月。这种效应被称为“饮食保守主义”，似乎是一种不同于最初描述的新恐惧症的学习过程，迄今为止在很大程度上被忽视了。本文提供了一些证据来证明这些过程可能有根本性的不同。我们概述了实验室小鸡的结果，表明新恐惧症很容易因经验而消失，这使得它不太可能成为野生鸟类的重要力量。我们还报告了证据表明，将新食物纳入饮食的过程不是一个简单的单阶段过程，而是包括至少四个评估步骤。最后，本文概述了饮食保守主义在我们理解警戒主义的演变和模仿的作用方面的重要性。
Birds show distinct hesitation when approaching novel food and this has been termed 'neophobia'. In laboratory-held birds like domestic chicks this effect lasts for a matter of a few minutes at most, but hesitant attack of novel foods can last for weeks or even months in wild birds. This effect, called 'dietary conservatism', seems to be a different type of learning process from neophobia as first described and has hitherto been largely overlooked. This paper presents some evidence for the view that the processes may be fundamentally different. We outline results from laboratory chicks that show neophobia to be easily deactivated by experience, which renders it unlikely to be an important force in wild birds. We also report evidence that the process of incorporation of novel food into the diet is not a simple one-stage process but includes at least four steps of assessment. The paper concludes with an outline of the importance of dietary conservatism in our understanding of the evolution of aposematism and the workings of mimicry.