First report of closantel treatment failure against Fasciola hepatica in cattle.
First report of closantel treatment failure against Fasciola hepatica in cattle.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ijpddr.2015.07.003
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发表时间：
2015-12
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Höglund J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Novobilský A;Höglund J
控制牲畜肝片吸虫感染的基础是每年使用三氯苯达唑、阿苯达唑和氯氰碘灵等杀吸虫剂进行治疗。然而，全球范围内正在出现对三氯苯达唑耐药的肝弯曲菌群体，并且对阿苯达唑的耐药性也正在出现，而迄今为止尚未有关于氯氰菊酯的描述。在瑞典，自 2011 年以来，一种含有氯氰菊酯和伊维菌素组合的外用制剂（Closamectin Pour On）仅在牛身上注册使用。这项研究使用粪抗原和粪便虫卵计数减少试验，评估了氯氰碘酮对自然感染肉牛中肝弯曲菌的功效。 2014 年 2 月，在瑞典西南部的三个肉牛群（A、B、C）中进行了粪便卵计数 (FEC) 和粪抗原 ELISA 检查。在每个农场，10 只肝片吸虫粪抗原阳性和肝片吸虫卵阳性动物在饲养 12-16 周后被分配到各组中，并用每公斤体重至少 20 毫克氯氰菊酯进行局部治疗。在治疗后 (PT) 第 0、7 和 21 天从选定的动物身上收集粪便样本。根据 FEC，农场 A 和 B 的 21 天 PT 氯氰碘灵疗效分别为 72%（95% CI：65-77%）和 97%（95% CI：95-98%）。在农场 C 中完全没有观察到 FEC 减少。在 PT 21 天时，农场 A、B 和 C 中总共分别有 4、1 和 6 只动物保持粪抗原阳性。其中两个农场证实氯氰碘灵治疗失败。由于动物在治疗前 12-16 周以及之后的整个研究期间都被圈养，因此排除了由于幼年吸虫的存在而导致的失败。尽管氯氰碘灵失败的原因目前尚不清楚，但应考虑局部给药产生耐药性或/和吸收失败。据我们所知，这是第一份氯氰碘灵治疗牛肝镰刀菌失败的报告。在瑞典牛身上测试了氯氰碘灵对肝片形吸虫的功效。在三个肉牛群中的两个中观察到氯氰碘灵治疗失败。讨论了氯氰碘酮失效的潜在原因。需要制定杀吸虫剂功效评估的标准化指南。
Control of Fasciola hepatica infection in livestock is based on annual treatment using flukicides such as triclabendazole, albendazole and closantel. However, triclabendazole resistant F. hepatica populations are emerging worldwide and resistance is emerging to albendazole, whereas it has until now never been described for closantel. In Sweden, a topical formulation containing a combination of closantel and ivermectin (Closamectin Pour On) has been registered for use in cattle only since 2011. This study evaluated the efficacy of closantel against F. hepatica in naturally infected beef cattle using both coproantigen and faecal egg count reduction tests. Faecal egg counts (FEC) and coproantigen ELISA examinations were conducted in February 2014 in three beef cattle herds (A, B, C) in south-western Sweden. On each farm, 10 F. hepatica coproantigen-positive and F. hepatica egg-positive animals were allocated after 12–16 weeks of housing into groups and treated topically with a minimum of 20 mg closantel per kg body weight. Faecal samples were collected from selected animals on 0, 7 and 21 day post-treatment (PT). Based on FEC, closantel efficacy 21 days PT was 72% (95% CI: 65–77%) and 97% (95% CI: 95–98%) on farms A and B, respectively. No FEC reduction at all was observed on farm C. In total, 4, 1 and 6 animals remained coproantigen-positive at 21 days PT on farms A, B and C, respectively. Closantel treatment failure was confirmed on two of the farms. As the animals were housed 12–16 weeks before treatment and thereafter during the entire study, failure due to the presence of juvenile flukes was excluded. Although the cause of closantel failure currently remains unclear, development of resistance or/and absorption failure of topical administration should be considered. To our knowledge, this is the first report of closantel treatment failure against F. hepatica in cattle. Closantel efficacy against Fasciola hepatica was tested in Swedish cattle. Closantel treatment failure was observed in two of the three beef cattle herds. Potential causes of closantel failure are discussed. Standardised guidelines for evaluation of flukicide efficacy are needed.