Forward flight of swallowtail butterfly with simple flapping motion
Forward flight of swallowtail butterfly with simple flapping motion
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DOI：
10.1088/1748-3182/5/2/026003
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发表时间：
2010-06
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Hiroto Tanaka;I. Shimoyama
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hiroto Tanaka;I. Shimoyama
与其他飞行昆虫不同，燕尾蝶的翅膀运动基本上仅限于扑翼，因为它们的前翼与后翼部分重叠，在结构上限制了主动控制空气动力所需的羽化。因此，可以假设燕尾蝶的飞行是通过简单的拍动来实现的，几乎不需要对羽化角度的反馈控制。为了验证这一假设，我们制作了一个人造蝴蝶模仿燕尾蝶的翅膀运动和翅膀形状，并分析了它的飞行使用高速摄像机拍摄的图像。结果表明，稳定的前飞可以实现没有主动顺桨或反馈控制的机翼运动。在飞行过程中，人造蝴蝶的身体随着翅膀的扇动而被动地上下移动，人造蝴蝶就像真正的燕尾蝶一样，沿着起伏的飞行轨迹飞行。在没有对机翼运动进行反馈控制的情况下，机翼变形引起的气动力变化将直接影响机身运动，变形程度由机翼的翅脉决定。与无脉翼不同，由于大的身体运动，在扑翼飞行期间，具有脉的模拟翼产生比定常流高得多的升力系数。
Unlike other flying insects, the wing motion of swallowtail butterflies is basically limited to flapping because their fore wings partly overlap their hind wings, structurally restricting the feathering needed for active control of aerodynamic force. Hence, it can be hypothesized that the flight of swallowtail butterflies is realized with simple flapping, requiring little feedback control of the feathering angle. To verify this hypothesis, we fabricated an artificial butterfly mimicking the wing motion and wing shape of a swallowtail butterfly and analyzed its flights using images taken with a high-speed video camera. The results demonstrated that stable forward flight could be realized without active feathering or feedback control of the wing motion. During the flights, the artificial butterfly's body moved up and down passively in synchronization with the flapping, and the artificial butterfly followed an undulating flight trajectory like an actual swallowtail butterfly. Without feedback control of the wing motion, the body movement is directly affected by change of aerodynamic force due to the wing deformation; the degree of deformation was determined by the wing venation. Unlike a veinless wing, a mimic wing with veins generated a much higher lift coefficient during the flapping flight than in a steady flow due to the large body motion.