Post-error adaptation in adults with high functioning autism
Post-error adaptation in adults with high functioning autism
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2006.12.020
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发表时间：
2007-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
van Engeland, Herman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bogte, Hans;Flamma, Bert;van Engeland, Herman
执行功能（EF）的缺陷，即前额皮质的功能，可能是自闭症病因的核心。EF的一个方面是错误检测和错误发生后的调整行为。在认知测试中，成年人在犯错误后通常会在下一次测试中减慢反应速度，这是一种补偿机制，旨在提高后续测试中的表现，这是一种与前扣带皮层（ACC）活动密切相关的能力。目前的研究评估了高功能自闭症（HFA）患者（n = 36）在考虑症状严重程度的情况下，与正常对照组（n = 32）的表现进行了比较。HFA组的症状严重程度根据适应水平定义：独立生活（门诊患者，n = 12）和居住（住院患者，n = 24）。住院病人中有一半在服药；对它们的性能结果分别进行了分析。计算机版的记忆搜索任务有两个反应概率条件。对照组受试者在错误发生后对其反应时间（RT）进行了大幅度的调整，而HFA组受试者在错误发生后的反应时间（RT）似乎总体上较慢，没有显著的调整。如果考虑到药物因素，这一发现仍然很重要，并且独立于自闭症的严重程度，正如“住院与门诊”的二分法所定义的那样。讨论了这一发现的可能原因和影响。(c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd.版权所有。
Deficits in executive function (EF), i.e. function of the prefrontal cortex, may be central in the etiology of autism. One of the various aspects of EF is error detection and adjusting behavior after an error. In cognitive tests, adults normally slow down their responding on the next trial after making an error, a compensatory mechanism geared toward improving performance on subsequent trials, and a faculty critically associated with activity in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). The current study evaluated post-error slowing in people with high functioning autism (HFA) (n = 36), taking symptom severity into account, compared to the performance of a normal control group (n = 32). Symptom severity in the HFA group was defined in terms of level of adaptation: living independently (outpatients; n = 12) and living residentially (inpatients; n = 24). Half the group of inpatients was on medication; the results of their performance were analyzed separately. A computerized version of a memory search task was used with two response probability conditions. The subjects in the control group adjusted their reaction time (RT) substantially after an error, while the group of participants with HFA appeared to be overall slow, with no significant adjustment of RT after an error. This finding remained significant if the medication factor was taken into account, and was independent of the degree of severity of the autistic disorder, as defined by the dichotomy 'inpatient versus outpatient'. Possible causes and implications of the finding are discussed. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.