A probabilistic model of gastroenteritis risks associated with consumption of street food salads in Kumasi, Ghana: Evaluation of methods to estimate pathogen dose from water, produce or food quality
A probabilistic model of gastroenteritis risks associated with consumption of street food salads in Kumasi, Ghana: Evaluation of methods to estimate pathogen dose from water, produce or food quality
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DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.03.108
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发表时间：
2014-07-15
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Drechsel, Pay
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Barker, S. Fiona;Amoah, Philip;Drechsel, Pay
随着加纳库马西城市人口的迅速增长，街头食品的消费也在增加。生沙拉通常伴随着街头食品，通常由易腐蔬菜组成，这些蔬菜生长在城市附近，使用劣质水进行灌溉。本研究采用定量微生物风险评估（QMRA）评估了与食用街头食品沙拉相关的胃肠炎疾病（由轮状病毒、诺如病毒和蛔虫引起）的风险。根据微生物浓度的可用性，构建了三种不同的风险评估模型：1）从灌溉水质开始的水，2）从市场上的产品质量开始的产品，3）街头食品沙拉的微生物质量。在没有病毒浓度的情况下，公布的粪便大肠菌群和病毒之间的比率被用来估计水，农产品和沙拉的质量，并确定每年的疾病负担。轮状病毒在年度疾病负担的估计中占主导地位（类似于每人每年10（-3）残疾调整生命年（DALY pppy）），尽管诺如病毒也超过了农产品和街道模型的10（-4）DALY阈值。水模型忽略了其他农场和收获后的污染源，并始终产生较低的风险估计;它可能低估了疾病负担，因此不建议使用。估计街道模型轮状病毒所需的对数减少高达5.3（第95百分位数），表明需要采取重大干预措施，以保护库马西街头食品消费者的健康和安全。病毒浓度的估计值是模型不确定性的一个重要来源，需要更多关于病原体浓度的数据来完善QMRA对疾病负担的估计值。(C)2014爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
With a rapidly growing urban population in Kumasi, Ghana, the consumption of street food is increasing. Raw salads, which often accompany street food dishes, are typically composed of perishable vegetables that are grown in close proximity to the city using poor quality water for irrigation. This study assessed the risk of gastroenteritis illness (caused by rotavirus, norovirus and Ascaris lumbricoides) associated with the consumption of street food salads using Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment (QMRA). Three different risk assessment models were constructed, based on availability of microbial concentrations: 1) Water starting from irrigation water quality, 2) Produce starting from the quality of produce at market, and 3) Street using microbial quality of street food salad. In the absence of viral concentrations, published ratios between faecal coliforms and viruses were used to estimate the quality of water, produce and salad, and annual disease burdens were determined. Rotavirus dominated the estimates of annual disease burden (similar to 10(-3) Disability Adjusted Life Years per person per year (DALYs pppy)), although norovirus also exceeded the 10(-4) DALY threshold for both Produce and Street models. The Water model ignored other on-farm and post-harvest sources of contamination and consistently produced lower estimates of risk; it likely underestimates disease burden and therefore is not recommended. Required log reductions of up to 5.3 (95th percentile) for rotavirus were estimated for the Street model, demonstrating that significant interventions are required to protect the health and safety of street food consumers in Kumasi. Estimates of virus concentrations were a significant source of model uncertainty and more data on pathogen concentrations is needed to refine QMRA estimates of disease burden. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.