Agriculture and food animals as a source of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria.
Agriculture and food animals as a source of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria.
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DOI：
10.2147/idr.s55778
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Gousia P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Economou V;Gousia P
医学史上的重大突破之一无疑是抗生素的发现。它们在畜牧业和兽医学中的应用使农场动物更健康，生产力更高，确保了动物和人类的福利和健康。不幸的是，从第一次使用青霉素开始，耐药倒计时就开始了。目前，耐药细菌引起的感染正在增加，对抗生素的耐药性可能是主要的公共卫生问题。在农场动物中使用抗生素被批评为导致耐药性的出现。在农场动物环境中使用和滥用抗生素作为生长促进剂或作为非特异性感染预防和治疗手段，增加了动物栖息地中细菌的抗生素消耗和耐药性。这种耐药性可以通过食物消费和直接或间接接触直接或间接传播给人类。耐药性细菌可直接或通过将抗生素耐药性特征传播给病原体而对健康造成严重影响，从而导致难以治疗的疾病，因此发病率和死亡率较高。此外，耐药性菌株的选择和增殖可以通过动物粪便传播到环境中，增强环境微生物组中存在的抗性库。在这篇综述中，我们努力强调导致农场动物抗生素耐药性出现的各种因素，并为解决这一重大健康问题提供一些见解。
One of the major breakthroughs in the history of medicine is undoubtedly the discovery of antibiotics. Their use in animal husbandry and veterinary medicine has resulted in healthier and more productive farm animals, ensuring the welfare and health of both animals and humans. Unfortunately, from the first use of penicillin, the resistance countdown started to tick. Nowadays, the infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria are increasing, and resistance to antibiotics is probably the major public health problem. Antibiotic use in farm animals has been criticized for contributing to the emergence of resistance. The use and misuse of antibiotics in farm animal settings as growth promoters or as nonspecific means of infection prevention and treatment has boosted antibiotic consumption and resistance among bacteria in the animal habitat. This reservoir of resistance can be transmitted directly or indirectly to humans through food consumption and direct or indirect contact. Resistant bacteria can cause serious health effects directly or via the transmission of the antibiotic resistance traits to pathogens, causing illnesses that are difficult to treat and that therefore have higher morbidity and mortality rates. In addition, the selection and proliferation of antibiotic-resistant strains can be disseminated to the environment via animal waste, enhancing the resistance reservoir that exists in the environmental microbiome. In this review, an effort is made to highlight the various factors that contribute to the emergence of antibiotic resistance in farm animals and to provide some insights into possible solutions to this major health issue.