Consequences of the interaction between nutrients and plant secondary metabolites on herbivore selectivity: benefits or detriments for plants?
Consequences of the interaction between nutrients and plant secondary metabolites on herbivore selectivity: benefits or detriments for plants?
复制标题
DOI：
10.1034/j.1600-0706.2002.970214.x
复制
发表时间：
2002-05
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
J. Villalba;F. Provenza;J. Bryant
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Villalba;F. Provenza;J. Bryant
营养物质和植物次生代谢产物（PSM）的浓度在时间和空间上变化，创造了一个多维的饲养环境。营养素和PSM之间的相互作用知之甚少，因为研究主要依赖于研究营养素或PSM对觅食行为的孤立影响。然而，它们的相互作用可以影响食物选择和植物群落的动态。我们的目标是探讨营养素和PSM之间的相互作用如何影响食物选择。对于7天，三组羔羊接受三种不同剂量的PSM（0 =控制;低和高）和2小时后，他们提供了两种食物，含有低（高能量）或高（高蛋白质）的蛋白质/能量比。在PSM输注前7 d（基线）和输注后7 d提供食物。我们进行了五次试验，每一个不同的PSM-萜类化合物，生氰苷，硝酸钠，坚木单宁，氯化锂。羔羊一贯喜欢高能量的食物，而不是高蛋白质的食物，但毒素改变了这种偏好的程度。萜类化合物、硝酸盐和氯化锂抑制了高能量食物的摄入。氰糖苷具有相反的效果，在较高的剂量下，它们会抑制高蛋白质食物的摄入。单宁在较低剂量下增强了高能量食物的摄入，在较高剂量下则抑制了食物的摄入。因此，PSM选择性地抑制或增强摄入量取决于食物的常量营养素组成。这些结果意味着，植物被吃掉的可能性不仅取决于其化学防御，而且还取决于植物及其邻居中营养物质的数量和质量，食草动物学习营养物质和PSM之间联系的能力可能会对食草动物调节生态系统过程的方式产生重大影响。
Concentrations of nutrients and plant secondary metabolites (PSM) vary temporally and spatially, creating a multidimensional feeding environment. Interactions between nutrients and PSM are poorly understood because research has relied largely on studying the isolated effects of nutrients or PSM on foraging behavior. Nevertheless, their interactions can influence food selection and the dynamics of plant communities. Our objective was to explore how interactions between nutrients and PSM influence food selection. For 7 d, three groups of lambs received intraruminal infusions of three different doses of a PSM (0 = Control; low and high) and 2 h later they were offered two foods that contained either low (high in energy) or high (high in protein) protein/energy ratios. The foods were offered 7 d before (baseline) and 7 d after PSM infusions. We conducted five trials each with a different PSM-terpenoids, cyanogenic glycosides, sodium nitrate, quebracho tannin, and lithium chloride. Lambs consistently preferred the food high in energy to the food high in protein, but toxins modified the degree to which this preference was manifest. Terpenoids, nitrate, and lithium chloride depressed intake of the food high in energy. Cyanogenic glycosides had the opposite effect, and at higher doses they depressed intake of the food high in protein. Tannins enhanced intake of the food high in energy at lower doses and they depressed its ingestion at higher doses. Thus, PSM selectively depressed or enhanced intake depending on the macronutrient composition of the foods. These results imply that the probability of a plant being eaten will depend not only on its chemical defenses but also on the quantity and quality of nutrients in the plant and its neighbors, and that the ability of herbivores to learn associations between nutrients and PSM may have a substantial impact on the way herbivores regulate ecosystem processes.