Advances in Smart Nanomaterials: Environmental Perspective
Advances in Smart Nanomaterials: Environmental Perspective
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智能纳米材料的进展：环境视角
DOI：
10.1155/2020/6715765
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Zhou, Ziyou
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Palchoudhury, Soubantika;Aich, Nirupam;Zhou, Ziyou
在过去的十年中，“智能”纳米材料的合成取得了显着的进展，从实现轻质石墨烯结构，碳-金属纳米杂化物，生物杂化自组装纳米结构和刺激响应性聚合物材料到形状控制的无机纳米颗粒。这些新的纳米材料在应用中开辟了变革的可能性，超越了我们目前的技术。他们在柔性电子、药物输送、催化、环境修复和可持续农业方面促进了关键创新。在这些新兴的新材料中，纳米材料的风险评估在过去十年中一直是我们领域的主要研究方向。已经建立了新的纳米计量学参数，以适当地描述新的纳米材料在环境中的性质和行为。在过去十年中实现的新兴材料表征技术促进了理解智能纳米材料复杂特性的变革性进展。这些先进纳米材料的每一个进展都具有巨大的环境意义。虽然在环境纳米科学领域已经广泛报道了风险评估，但尚未密切关注基于纳米材料的新技术在环境应用方面的巨大潜力。在这个专题特刊中，我们的目标是从环境的角度强调智能纳米材料的新兴应用和纳米材料毒性的发现。以下部分简要介绍了在这个特殊的问题接受的论文。在A的文章中，Boutchuen等人，用一滴赤铁矿纳米颗粒显著提高豆科植物的生长近230 -830%。与必须大量直接添加到土壤或水培环境中的传统肥料不同，纳米颗粒分散体通过高度可持续和新颖的种子预浸泡方法施用。与目前可用的散装肥料相比，赤铁矿纳米颗粒作为植物的更有效和高通量的富铁营养素。从环境方面来看，该方法非常有吸引力，因为少量的纳米肥料可以诱导植物生长和活力增加，而不需要直接向环境中添加化学品。该研究的另一个新奇是一种新的多模态材料表征方法，使用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR），高光谱成像和电感耦合等离子体发射光谱（ICP-OES）评估植物内赤铁矿纳米肥料的吸收和运输。B的专题评论文章。盖恩等人捕捉到了量子世界的最新成员之一--碳量子点。碳量子点是在2004年提纯单壁碳纳米管的过程中偶然发明的。与石墨烯量子点的sp2杂化相比，这些尺寸通常<10 nm的纳米颗粒具有包含sp2和sp3杂化碳网络的结构优势。本文介绍了量子点的详细结构、合成方法的研究进展以及量子点的新应用。上转换光致发光、化学发光、磷光和带隙跃迁性质的组合使得碳量子点成为一类独特的材料。此外，碳量子点显示出高度的
There has been a remarkable progress in synthesis of “smart” nanomaterials over the past decade from realizing lightweight graphene structures, carbon-metal nanohybrids, biohybrid self-assembly nanoarchitectures, and stimuliresponsive polymeric materials to shape-controlled inorganic nanoparticles. These new nanomaterials have opened transformative possibilities in application, beyond our current technologies. They have catalyzed key innovations in flexible electronics, drug delivery, catalysis, environmental remediation, and sustainable agriculture. Amid these emerging new materials, risk assessment of nanomaterials has been a major research thrust for our field over the past decade. New nanometrology parameters have been established to suitably depict the properties and behavior of novel nanomaterials in the environment. Emerging material characterization techniques realized over the past decade have facilitated transformative advances in understanding complex properties of smart nanomaterials for new applications. There is a tremendous environmental significance to the progress of each of these in advanced nanomaterials. Though risk assessment has been widely reported in the field of environmental nanoscience, the huge potential of new nanomaterial-based technologies for environmental applications has not been closely captured. In this thematic special issue, we aim to highlight both the emerging applications of smart nanomaterials and the discoveries in nanomaterial toxicity from an environmental perspective. The following sections briefly describe the accepted papers in this special issue. In the feature article by A. Boutchuen et al., plant growth in legumes was significantly enhanced by nearly230-830% with one drop of hematite nanoparticles. Unlike conventional fertilizers that have to be directly added to the soil or hydroponic environment in large quantities, the nanoparticle dispersions were applied via a highly sustainable and novel seed presoaking approach. The hematite nanoparticles served as a more efficient and high-throughput Fe-enriching nutrient for the plants as compared to the currently available bulk fertilizers. The method is immensely attractive from an environmental aspect as a small quantity of the nanofertilizer could induce increased plant growth and vitality without the need for direct addition of chemicals to the environment. Another novelty of the study was a new, multimodal material characterization approach to assess the uptake and transport of hematite nanofertilizer within the plants using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), hyperspectral imaging, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The feature review article by B. Gayen et al. captured one of the newest members of the nanoworld, carbon dots. Carbon dots were invented accidentally during the purification of single-walled carbon nanotubes in 2004. These nanoparticles, typically< 10nm in size, have the structural advantage of containing both sp2 and sp3-hybrid carbon networks compared to the sp2 hybridization of graphene quantum dots. The detailed architecture, progress in synthesis strategies, and novel applications of the quantum dots are presented in the article. The combination of upconversion photoluminescence, chemiluminescence, phosphorescence, and band gap transition properties makes carbon dots a unique class of material. In addition, carbon dots show highly