Covert and overt orienting of attention to emotional faces in anxiety
Covert and overt orienting of attention to emotional faces in anxiety
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DOI：
10.1080/02699930050156636
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发表时间：
2000-11-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Millar, NH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bradley, BP;Mogg, K;Millar, NH
在高，中，低焦虑组（N = 54）使用探针检测任务的情绪面孔的注意偏差进行了调查。四种类型的面部表情（威胁，悲伤，高兴，中性）被用来检查的特异性的偏见。注意力偏差的措施，来自手动反应时间（RT）的探头和方向的初始眼动（EM）的脸。RT数据表明，在高和中等，但不是低，状态焦虑的威胁，而不是中立的面孔提高警惕。消极面孔的偏见似乎是一个刺激威胁值和个人的焦虑水平的综合函数。RT偏见似乎并不依赖于明显的定向，因为许多参与者很少EM。然而，那些经常EM的面孔显示RT和EM偏差的措施之间的一致性，因此RT措施的注意力偏差为消极与积极的面孔在500毫秒似乎提供了一个有效的指标的方向初始定向到情绪刺激。没有证据表明快乐的面孔与焦虑相关的偏见（由情绪性假设预测），也没有悲伤面孔与焦虑相关的偏见。然而，焦虑分数的增加与对快乐面孔的注意力减少有关。
Attentional biases for emotional faces were investigated in high, medium, and low anxiety groups (N = 54) using a probe detection task. Four types of facial expression (threat, sad, happy, neutral) were used to examine the specificity of the bias. Attentional bias measures were derived from manual reaction times (RTs) to probes and the direction of initial eye movement (EM) to the faces. The RT data indicated enhanced vigilance for threat rather than neutral faces in high and medium, but not low, state anxiety. The bias for negative faces appeared to be a combined function of stimulus threat value and the individual's anxiety level. The RT bias did not seem to depend on overt orienting, as many participants made few EMs. However, those who made frequent EMs to the faces showed concordance between the RT and EM bias measures, and so the RT measure of attentional bias for negative versus positive faces at 500 ms appears to provide a valid index of the direction of initial orienting to emotional stimuli. There was no evidence of an anxiety-related bias for happy faces (predicted by the emotionality hypothesis), nor a dysphoria-related bias for sad faces. However, increased dysphoria scores were associated with reduced attentiveness to happy faces.