Recombinant immunotoxins and other therapies for relapsed/refractory hairy cell leukemia.

Recombinant immunotoxins and other therapies for relapsed/refractory hairy cell leukemia.
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DOI:
10.3109/10428194.2011.565843
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发表时间:
2011-06
影响因子:
2.6
通讯作者:
Pastan I
Pastan I
中科院分区:
医学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Kreitman RJ;Arons E;Stetler-Stevenson M;Fitzgerald DJ;Wilson WH;Pastan I

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毛细胞白血病(HCL)的标准治疗是显著有效的,但无病存活率的持续下降,加上微小残留病(MRD)的存在,表明治愈的人很少。MRD中的HCL细胞总是强CD20+和CD22+,也是CD25+,除非患者有预后不良的变异HCLv。为了针对复发/难治性HCL,已开发出使用抗CD25和抗CD22重组免疫毒素或抗CD20单抗利妥昔单抗或与嘌呤类似物联合使用的免疫治疗方法。重组免疫毒素含有单抗的Fv片段,该片段与截短形式的假单胞菌外毒素PE38融合在一起。针对CD22的BL22,在复发/难治性HCL的I期和II期试验中,获得了47%-61%的完全缓解(CRS),其中一些在9-10年后仍在进行。在12%的患者中观察到完全可逆的溶血性尿毒症综合征(HUS),其中一些患者后来可以通过靶向CD25的LMB-2实现部分缓解(PR)或完全缓解(CR)。一种亲和力更高的BL22版本,称为HA22,CAT-8015,或moxetumomab pasudotox,开发用于更有效地治疗其他血液系统恶性肿瘤,也在HCL中实现CRS,并且只有非剂量限制的HUS。在单独的随机试验中,利妥昔单抗正在接受二期试验,用克拉曲滨治疗早期HCL,用苯达莫司汀或喷他汀治疗多次复发的HCL。
Standard treatment for hairy cell leukemia (HCL) is markedly effective, but the constant decrease in disease-free survival, together with the presence of minimal residual disease (MRD), suggests that few if any are cured. HCL cells in MRD are always strongly CD20+ and CD22+, and also CD25 + unless the patient has the poor-prognosis variant HCLv. To target relapsed/refractory HCL, immunotherapy has been developed using anti-CD25 and anti-CD22 recombinant immunotoxins, or the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (mAb) rituximab alone or combined with purine analogs. The recombinant immunotoxins contain an Fv fragment of a mAb fused to a truncated form of Pseudomonas exotoxin called PE38. BL22 targeting CD22, in phase I and II testing of relapsed/refractory HCL, achieved 47–61% complete remissions (CRs), several of them ongoing after 9–10 years. A completely reversible form of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) was observed in 12% of patients, several of whom could later achieve a partial remission (PR) or CR with LMB-2 targeting CD25. A higher-affinity version of BL22, termed HA22, CAT-8015, or moxetumomab pasudotox, developed to more effectively treat other hematologic malignancies, also achieves CRs in HCL, and with only non-dose-limiting HUS. In separate randomized trials, rituximab is undergoing phase II testing with cladribine for early HCL and with bendamustine or pentostatin for multiply relapsed HCL.
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