Winning by hiding behind others: An analysis of speed skating data
Winning by hiding behind others: An analysis of speed skating data
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0237470
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发表时间：
2020-08-12
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Masuda, Naoki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ichinose, Genki;Miyagawa, Daiki;Masuda, Naoki
在一些田径比赛中，比如自行车赛和某些速度滑冰比赛，运动员必须在有直接对手的情况下高速完成一段相对较长的距离。要赢得这样一场比赛，运动员会受到激励在比赛的最后时刻之前躲在其他人后面以抑制能量消耗。这种情况似乎产生了一种社会困境：选手们想躲在别人后面，然而如果一群选手都试图这样做，他们可能都会输给超越他们的其他选手。为了证明速度滑冰选手陷入了这样一种社会困境，我们分析了14场集体出发滑冰比赛的视频片段数据，发现那些在最后一圈之前长时间躲在别人后面以避免空气阻力的选手往往会获胜。此外，集体出发比赛中选手的最终排名与同一选手在没有直接对手情况下进行的计时赛成绩无关。结果表明，如何策略性地应对选手的困境可能是在有直接对手的长距离高速比赛中获胜的关键决定因素。
In some athletic races, such as cycling and types of speed skating races, athletes have to complete a relatively long distance at a high speed in the presence of direct opponents. To win such a race, athletes are motivated to hide behind others to suppress energy consumption before a final moment of the race. This situation seems to produce a social dilemma: players want to hide behind others, whereas if a group of players attempts to do so, they may all lose to other players that overtake them. To support that speed skaters are involved in such a social dilemma, we analyzed video footage data for 14 mass start skating races to find that skaters that hid behind others to avoid air resistance for a long time before the final lap tended to win. Furthermore, the finish rank of the skaters in mass start races was independent of the record of the same skaters in time-trial races measured in the absence of direct opponents. The results suggest that how to strategically cope with askater's dilemmamay be a key determinant for winning long-distance and high-speed races with direct opponents.