FUNCTIONAL CRANIAL ANALYSIS OF LARGE ANIMALIVOROUS BATS (MICROCHIROPTERA)
FUNCTIONAL CRANIAL ANALYSIS OF LARGE ANIMALIVOROUS BATS (MICROCHIROPTERA)
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1095-8312.1984.tb01601.x
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发表时间：
1984-01-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
FREEMAN, PW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
FREEMAN, PW
大型食性蝙蝠包括肉食性、鱼食性和食虫性小翼手目蝙蝠。头骨比例和牙齿形态检查和解释功能。来自4个科的4只宽面蝙蝠在宽头骨、大咬肌体积和结实的下颚方面是相似的，这表明它们具有强大的咬合力。4只中有3只的犬齿相对于上颌牙齿来说也很长。食肉蝙蝠有更细长的头骨，更大的脑容量和更大的耳廓。宽面蝙蝠都是口腔发射器，头部相对于颅基轴正倾斜。这种肉食性的蝙蝠有鼻子，头部呈负倾斜。头部相对于颅基轴的方向影响颅骨和颌骨的几个特征，与大小无关。推测回声定位的类型可能是进化变化的决定因素，而不是进食机制。宽面蝙蝠被认为能够捕食坚硬的猎物（硬食动物），并且可能是无辨别能力的，听觉上不太复杂的昆虫通才，而肉食性和非硬食昆虫食性蝙蝠可能更有辨别能力，听觉上更复杂。
Large animalivorous bats include carnivorous, piscivorous and insectivorous microchiropterans. Skull proportions and tooth morphology are examined and interpreted functionally. Four wide-faced bats from 4 families are convergent in having wide skulls, large masseter muscle volumes and stout jaws, indicating a powerful bite. Three of the 4 also have long canine teeth relative to their maxillary toothrows. Carnivorous bats have more elongate skulls, larger brain volumes and larger pinnae. The wide-faced bats are all oral emitters and have heads positively tilted relative to the basicranial axis. The carnivorous species are nasal-emitting bats and have negatively tilted heads. The orientation of the head relative to the basicranial axis affects several characters of the skull and jaws and is not correlated with size. The speculation that the type of echolocation may be more of a determinant of evolutionary change than the feeding mechanism is addressed. Wide-faced bats are thought to be capable of eating hard prey items (durophagus) and are probably non-discriminating, aurally less sophisticated insect generalists while the carnivorous and non-durophagus insectivorous bats may be more discriminating and aurally more sophisticiated in what they eat.