The physics of fast Z pinches
The physics of fast Z pinches
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DOI：
10.1103/revmodphys.72.167
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发表时间：
1998-07
影响因子：
44.1
通讯作者：
D. Ryutov;M. Derzon;M. Matzen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Ryutov;M. Derzon;M. Matzen
在过去几年中，在环形电流鞘的快速内爆（快速Z箍缩）中达到高能量密度方面取得了惊人的进展，为从X射线产生到受控热核聚变和天体物理学的广泛实验开辟了新的可能性。目前，Z箍缩是最强的实验室X射线源（1.8 MJ，5 ns，直径2 mm，高2 cm）。功率超过200 TW。这保证了总结目前的物理知识，管理的行为辐射载流等离子体在快速Z箍缩。本调查涵盖了基本上所有方面的物理快速Z箍缩：启动，早期阶段的不稳定性，磁瑞利-泰勒不稳定性的内爆阶段，形成一个瞬态准平衡附近的停滞点，反弹。控制内爆对称性的流体动力学不稳定性的分析受到了相当多的关注。减轻这些不稳定性的可能途径进行了讨论。非磁流体动力学效应（异常电阻率、粒子束的产生等）总结了简要介绍了快速Z箍缩的各种应用。更强大的Z箍缩发展的标度律。该调查包含36个数字和300多个参考文献。
The spectacular progress made during the last few years in reaching high energy densities in fast implosions of annular current sheaths (fast Z pinches) opens new possibilities for a broad spectrum of experiments, from x-ray generation to controlled thermonuclear fusion and astrophysics. Presently Z pinches are the most intense laboratory X ray sources (1.8 MJ in 5 ns from a volume 2 mm in diameter and 2 cm tall). Powers in excess of 200 TW have been obtained. This warrants summarizing the present knowledge of physics that governs the behavior of radiating current-carrying plasma in fast Z pinches. This survey covers essentially all aspects of the physics of fast Z pinches: initiation, instabilities of the early stage, magnetic Rayleigh-Taylor instability in the implosion phase, formation of a transient quasi-equilibrium near the stagnation point, and rebound. Considerable attention is paid to the analysis of hydrodynamic instabilities governing the implosion symmetry. Possible ways of mitigating these instabilities are discussed. Non-magnetohydrodynamic effects (anomalous resistivity, generation of particle beams, etc.) are summarized. Various applications of fast Z pinches are briefly described. Scaling laws governing development of more powerful Z pinches are presented. The survey contains 36 figures and more than 300 references.