Music and social bonding: "self-other" merging and neurohormonal mechanisms.
Music and social bonding: "self-other" merging and neurohormonal mechanisms.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01096
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Dunbar RI
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tarr B;Launay J;Dunbar RI
有人提出，音乐在人类群体中发展和传播的一个关键功能是，它能够在相互作用的群体成员之间建立和加强社会纽带。然而，发生这种情况的机制还没有得到充分的讨论。在这篇文章中，我们回顾了支持这种社会纽带效应的两种独立机制的证据：由于人与人之间的同步性而导致的自我他人融合，以及在包括音乐互动在内的剧烈节奏活动中内啡肽的释放。总体而言，自我-他人合并已经被使用二元系统进行了实验研究，这对大规模音乐活动提供的洞察力有限。鉴于音乐可以提供促进同步的外部节奏框架，对集体音乐活动中的社会联系的解释应该包括参考内啡肽，内啡肽在同步的用力动作中释放。内啡肽(以及一般的内源性阿片系统)参与灵长类动物之间的社会联系，并与许多人类社会行为(例如，笑、同步运动)以及音乐活动(例如，唱歌和跳舞)有关。此外，被动地听音乐会影响EOS，因此我们认为自我-他者融合和EOS在音乐的社会纽带效应中都很重要。为了研究这两种机制之间可能的相互作用，未来的实验应该重新创造出生态上有效的音乐活动例子。
It has been suggested that a key function of music during its development and spread amongst human populations was its capacity to create and strengthen social bonds amongst interacting group members. However, the mechanisms by which this occurs have not been fully discussed. In this paper we review evidence supporting two thus far independently investigated mechanisms for this social bonding effect: self-other merging as a consequence of inter-personal synchrony, and the release of endorphins during exertive rhythmic activities including musical interaction. In general, self-other merging has been experimentally investigated using dyads, which provide limited insight into large-scale musical activities. Given that music can provide an external rhythmic framework that facilitates synchrony, explanations of social bonding during group musical activities should include reference to endorphins, which are released during synchronized exertive movements. Endorphins (and the endogenous opioid system (EOS) in general) are involved in social bonding across primate species, and are associated with a number of human social behaviors (e.g., laughter, synchronized sports), as well as musical activities (e.g., singing and dancing). Furthermore, passively listening to music engages the EOS, so here we suggest that both self-other merging and the EOS are important in the social bonding effects of music. In order to investigate possible interactions between these two mechanisms, future experiments should recreate ecologically valid examples of musical activities.