Coerced regimes: management challenges in the Anthropocene
Coerced regimes: management challenges in the Anthropocene
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DOI：
10.5751/es-11286-250104
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发表时间：
2020-03-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Allen, Craig R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Angeler, David G.;Chaffin, Brian C.;Allen, Craig R.
管理层经常会创建一些系统条件，这些条件很难模仿理想的自组织制度的条件。这种管理在人与自然的复杂系统中无处不在，而且随着这些系统面临快速变化，这种管理可能会加强。然而，从长远来看，管理和社会动态的成本（意外后果，包括负面副作用）最终是否会超过收益，这是高度不确定的。我们引入术语“强制制度”来概念化这种管理形式，并将其与弹性理论联系起来。该概念包括主动管理和被动管理，以分别维持理想和减轻不理想的状态条件。可以通过衡量人为维持其理想条件所需的管理数量来量化强制制度。受胁迫的政权是自我维持的理想体制政权的“幽灵”，但一旦管理停止，这些政权就会崩溃，最终成为“行尸走肉”。我们通过不同的人类和自然复杂系统（人类主体、水生和陆地环境、农业和全球气候）展示了强制制度的广泛应用。我们将讨论这些例子之间的共性和差异，以确定管理的利弊之间的权衡。强制制度的概念可以刺激思考，并告知管理层我们所知道和可以想象的事物与我们不知道和因此无法想象的事物的二元性：随着地球迅速走向一个没有历史先例的未来，一个普遍存在的可持续性难题。
Management frequently creates system conditions that poorly mimic the conditions of a desirable self-organizing regime. Such management is ubiquitous across complex systems of people and nature and will likely intensify as these systems face rapid change. However, it is highly uncertain whether the costs (unintended consequences, including negative side effects) of management but also social dynamics can eventually outweigh benefits in the long term. We introduce the term "coerced regime" to conceptualize this management form and tie it into resilience theory. The concept encompasses proactive and reactive management to maintain desirable and mitigate undesirable regime conditions, respectively. A coerced regime can be quantified through a measure of the amount of management required to artificially maintain its desirable conditions. Coerced regimes comprise "ghosts" of self-sustaining desirable system regimes but ultimately become "dead regimes walking" when these regimes collapse as soon as management is discontinued. We demonstrate the broad application of coerced regimes using distinct complex systems of humans and nature (human subjects, aquatic and terrestrial environments, agriculture, and global climate). We discuss commonalities and differences between these examples to identify trade-offs between benefits and harms of management. The concept of coerced regimes can spur thinking and inform management about the duality of what we know and can envision versus what we do not know and therefore cannot envision: a pervasive sustainability conundrum as planet Earth swiftly moves toward a future without historical analogue.