Elitism, Pluralism, or Resource Dependency: Patterns of Environmental Philanthropy among Private Foundations in California
Elitism, Pluralism, or Resource Dependency: Patterns of Environmental Philanthropy among Private Foundations in California
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精英主义、多元化或资源依赖：加州私人基金会的环境慈善模式
DOI：
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发表时间：
2007
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
S. Tang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
F. Delfin;S. Tang
我们绘制了2000年选定的加州基金会提供的环境资助的分布图，以及受助人对基金会支持的依赖程度，以检验关于基金会在当代环保主义中作用的理论主张。与精英主义批评者的主张相反，基金会并没有一贯偏袒所谓的“主流”、“旗舰”、国家环保组织作为基金会资助的接受者。相反，捐助者根据受援国的专业知识和需求，以不同的资助水平支持各种各样的事业——这一发现与多元主义和资源依赖的观点是一致的。在资金接收端，我们发现，对基金会资金依赖程度较高的非政府组织往往是那些较年轻、付费成员较少、不涉及地方和有毒问题的非政府组织。总的来说，我们发现没有单一的理论可以充分解释给予和依赖的趋势。在这些发现的基础上，未来的研究可以沿着两个方向进行：寻找一个更普遍的基础给予理论的理论路径；或者是一条实证路径，侧重于厘清不同类型的NGO受助人、环境捐赠的纵向模式以及基金会资助对NGO受助人的影响。
We map the distribution of environmental grants provided by selected California foundations in 2000 and the degree of dependency of the grantees on foundation support to test theoretical claims about foundations' role in contemporary environmentalism. Contrary to assertions by critics of elitism, there is no consistent favoritism of the so-called ‘mainstream’, ‘flagship’, national environmental organizations as recipients of foundations' grants. Instead, donors support a variety of causes with varying levels of funding based on recipients' perceived expertise and needs—a finding consistent with pluralist and resource-dependency arguments. On the receiving end, we find that the non-governmental organizations (NGOs) that have greater reliance on foundation money are those which are younger, have fewer paying members, and are not involved in local-level or toxics issues. Overall, we find that no single theory can adequately explain the trends in giving and in dependency. Future research building on these findings can proceed along two directions: a theoretical path in search of a more universal theory of foundation giving; or an empirical path focusing on clarifying different types of NGO grantees, the longitudinal patterns of environmental giving, and the impact of foundation funding on NGO grantees.