Genetic Variation in Soybean at the Maturity Locus E4 Is Involved in Adaptation to Long Days at High Latitudes
Genetic Variation in Soybean at the Maturity Locus E4 Is Involved in Adaptation to Long Days at High Latitudes
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DOI：
10.3390/agronomy3010117
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发表时间：
2013-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Abe, Jun
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tsubokura, Yasutaka;Matsumura, Hisakazu;Abe, Jun
适应高纬度地区的大豆品种对光周期的敏感性较弱或不敏感。本研究的目的是确定不同大豆材料光周期不敏感的分子基础，重点研究编码光敏色素a （phyya）蛋白的E4 （GmphyA2）基因及其同源物（GmphyA1）的序列多样性，并揭示两个光敏色素a同源物在基因复制后的进化后果。我们在E4的外显子中发现了四个新的单碱基缺失，所有这些缺失都导致蛋白质过早截断。通过对东亚不同地区191份具有等位基因特异性分子标记的栽培材料的调查，可靠地确定了功能失调等位基因的来源仅限于小的地理区域，表明这些等位基因是新近独立于功能性E4等位基因的。核苷酸多样性值的比较显示，GmphyA1非同义位点的核苷酸多样性低于E4，尽管两者在同义区和非编码区积累的突变速率几乎相同。自然突变反复在E4位点产生功能缺失的等位基因，这些等位基因在当地人群中积累。E4基因座是大豆在不同种植制度下适应高纬度环境的关键基因。
Soybean (Glycine max) cultivars adapted to high latitudes have a weakened or absent sensitivity to photoperiod. The purposes of this study were to determine the molecular basis for photoperiod insensitivity in various soybean accessions, focusing on the sequence diversity of the E4 (GmphyA2) gene, which encodes a phytochrome A (phyA) protein, and its homoeolog (GmphyA1), and to disclose the evolutionary consequences of two phyA homoeologs after gene duplication. We detected four new single-base deletions in the exons of E4, all of which result in prematurely truncated proteins. A survey of 191 cultivated accessions sourced from various regions of East Asia with allele-specific molecular markers reliably determined that the accessions with dysfunctional alleles were limited to small geographical regions, suggesting the alleles' recent and independent origins from functional E4 alleles. Comparison of nucleotide diversity values revealed lower nucleotide diversity at non-synonymous sites in GmphyA1 than in E4, although both have accumulated mutations at almost the same rate in synonymous and non-coding regions. Natural mutations have repeatedly generated loss-of-function alleles at the E4 locus, and these have accumulated in local populations. The E4 locus is a key player in the adaptation of soybean to high-latitude environments under diverse cropping systems.