Animals, Geography, and the City: Notes on Inclusions and Exclusions
Animals, Geography, and the City: Notes on Inclusions and Exclusions
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动物、地理和城市：关于包含和排除的注释
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发表时间：
1995
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Chris Philol
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Chris Philol
本文提供的方式，其中非人类的动物已在学术地理学，主要是人文地理学的文本中处理的说明，其论点是，他们的列入这里一直是一个非常局部的，条件是什么有时被称为“人类沙文主义”导致他们被完全忽略或只研究的情况下，他们的效用对人类。提出了另一种观点，即动物被视为一个边缘的“社会”群体，由人类社区话语构成并实际受到影响，并因此受到各种社会空间包容和排斥的群体，其论点是，动物应被视为与人类社区陷入复杂的权力关系，在这个过程中，他们将“从外部”强加给他们的持久的地理环境，但他们也可能无意中“从内部”影响他们。采用这种观点的影响需要仔细检查，但在本文的第二部分提出了一些可能性，虽然实质性的小插曲动物作为一个社会群体包括在城市或排除在外。特别注意的是19世纪关于肉类市场和屠宰场的辩论，其中可以检测到一个将牲畜排除在城市，如伦敦和芝加哥的各种理由（医疗和卫生，组织和道德）。
This paper offers notes on the ways in which nonhuman animals have been treated within the texts of academic geography, principally human geography, The argument is that their inclusion here has always been a very partial one, conditioned by what has sometimes been termed a ‘human chauvinism’ leading them to be ignored altogether or only researched in the context of their utility to human beings. An alternative perspective is proposed in which animals are regarded as a marginal ‘social’ group discursively constituted and practically affected by human communities, and as a group which is thereby subjected to all manner of sociospatial inclusions and exclusions, The argument is that animals should be seen as enmeshed in complex power relations with human communities, and in the process enduring geographies which are imposed upon them ‘from without’ but which they may also inadvertently influence ‘from within’. The implications of adopting such a perspective require careful examination, but in the second part of this paper some possibilities are raised though substantive vignettes of animals as a social group included in or excluded from the city. Particular attention is paid to 19th-century debates about meat markets and slaughterhouses, wherein can be detected a will to exclude livestock animals from cities such as London and Chicago on a variety of grounds (medical and hygienic, organisational and moral).