Herpes simplex viruses: is a vaccine tenable?
Herpes simplex viruses: is a vaccine tenable?
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DOI：
10.1172/jci16126
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发表时间：
2002-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
R. Whitley;B. Roizman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Whitley;B. Roizman
人类单纯疱疹病毒（HSV）感染自古希腊时代就有记载。希腊学者，特别是希波克拉底，用“疱疹”这个词来描述蔓延的皮肤病变，意思是爬行或爬行。在随后的几个世纪里，临床表现被描述，包括生殖器疱疹和口面疱疹之间的区别，解释了HSV-1和HSV-2的命名。重要的是，这些病毒具有建立潜伏期和随时间复发的独特倾向，尽管有特定的宿主免疫应答，但这使得成功的疫苗开发成为一个挑战。由HSV引起的疾病谱包括粘膜的原发性和复发性感染（例如，牙龈口炎、唇疱疹和生殖器HSV感染）、角膜结膜炎、新生儿HSV感染、免疫受损宿主的内脏HSV感染、脑炎、卡波西水痘样皮疹以及与多形性红斑的相关性。由于它与生殖器疱疹有关，22%的普通人群感染了HSV-2，血清阳性率甚至更高：在性病诊所就诊的患者中为30 - 50%。在这里，我们将专注于HSV疫苗的发展，特别是参考翻译分子生物学。
Human herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections have been documented since ancient Greek times. Greek scholars, notably Hippocrates, used the word “herpes,” meaning to creep or crawl, to describe spreading cutaneous lesions. Over the ensuing centuries, the clinical manifestations were described, including a distinction between genital and orofacial herpes, accounting for the designation of HSV-1 and HSV-2. Importantly, these viruses have a unique propensity to establish latency and recur over time, in spite of specific host immune responses, making successful vaccine development a challenge. The spectrum of disease caused by HSV includes primary and recurrent infections of mucous membranes (e.g., gingivostomatitis, herpes labialis, and genital HSV infections), keratoconjunctivitis, neonatal HSV infection, visceral HSV infections of the immunocompromised host, encephalitis, Kaposi varicella-like eruption, and an association with erythema multiforme. As it relates to genital herpes, 22% of the general population is infected with HSV-2, and the seroprevalence is even higher: 30–50% in patients attending sexually transmitted diseases clinics. Here, we will focus on HSV vaccine development with specific reference to translational molecular biology.