Sustained and Aperiodic Variability in Organic Matter Production and Phototrophic Microbial Community Structure in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre
Sustained and Aperiodic Variability in Organic Matter Production and Phototrophic Microbial Community Structure in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre
复制标题
北太平洋副热带环流有机物生产和光养微生物群落结构的持续和非周期性变化
DOI：
10.1002/9780470995204.ch9
复制
发表时间：
2007
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Ricardo M Letelier
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Karl;R. Bidigare;Ricardo M Letelier
1940年2月27日，由马丁·D·卡门领导的加州大学伯克利分校的一个研究小组发现了碳元素的放射性同位素14C(Ruben和Kamen，1940a)。在这种相对长寿命的放射性同位素(半衰期=5730年)问世之前，伯克利回旋加速器中用8 MeV重离子轰击无定形硼产生的11C±CO2(半衰期=21.5+0.5分钟)已被用作光合作用研究的示踪剂(Ruben等人，1939年)。在题为《用放射性碳进行光合作用》的一系列论文中，卡门和他的同事们在使用11C的实验限制的迷宫中摇摇晃晃地走来走去，最终形成了光合作用的创造性理论(Ruben和Kamen，1940b)。他们在论文的结论中指出，碳的长寿命放射性同位素的生产将使更详细和更广泛的研究成为可能。从1945年第二次世界大战结束后开始的14C的普及，为科学家提供了一种宝贵的研究工具(见第二章)。它很快导致了对光自养、化学自养和异养微生物中碳途径的明确理解。它还极大地促进了对全球海洋碳循环过程，包括有机质产生速率的理解，特别是在开发了一种以14C为基础的测量海洋浮游生物光合作用的新方法之后(Steemann Nielsen，1951；1952a，b；Steemann Nielsen和Aabye Jensen，1957)。相对于以前使用的明暗瓶氧气技术，14C方法的灵敏度提高，为测量世界海洋所有区域的光合作用提供了机会。1952年3月29日，在新西兰到旧金山的海洋横断面上，
On 27 February 1940, a research team from University of California at Berkeley led by Martin D. Kamen discovered 14C, a radioactive isotope of the element carbon (Ruben and Kamen, 1940a). Prior to the availability of this relatively long-lived radioisotope (half-life= 5730 yrs), 11C±CO2 (half-life= 21.5+ 0.5 min) produced in the Berkeley cyclotron by bombardment of amorphous boron with 8 Mev deuterons had been used as a tracer in the study of photosynthesis (Ruben et al., 1939). In a series of papers entitled Photosynthesis with Radioactive Carbon, Kamen and his colleagues staggered through the maze of experimental limitations on the use of 11C, eventually producing atentative theory of photosynthesis'(Ruben and Kamen, 1940b). They concluded their paper by notingthe production of a long-lived radioisotope of carbon will make feasible a more detailed and extensive investigation'.The general availability of 14C, beginning in 1945 after the termination of World War II, equipped scientists with an invaluable research tool (see Chapter 2). It quickly led to an explicit understanding of the carbon pathways in photoautotrophic, chemoautotrophic and heterotrophic micro-organisms. It also contributed enormously to a growing understanding of carbon cycle processes in the global ocean, including rates of organic matter production, especially following the development of a novel 14C-based method for the measurement of photosynthesis in marine plankton (Steemann Nielsen, 1951; 1952a, b; Steemann Nielsen and Aabye Jensen, 1957). The improved sensitivity of the 14C method, relative to the previously employed light±dark bottle oxygen technique, provided the opportunity to survey photosynthesis in all regions of the world ocean. On 29 March 1952, during a New Zealand to San Francisco ocean transect, the