Phylogeography of the West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus): how many populations and how many taxa?
Phylogeography of the West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus): how many populations and how many taxa?
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DOI：
10.1046/j.1365-294x.1998.00430.x
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发表时间：
1998-09-01
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
McGuire, PM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Garcia-Rodriguez, AI;Bowen, BW;McGuire, PM
为了解决西印度海牛（Trichechus manatus）的种群遗传结构和地理分布，在西大西洋地区的8个地点之间比较了线粒体（mt）DNA控制区序列。在来自佛罗里达、波多黎各、多米尼加共和国、墨西哥、哥伦比亚、委内瑞拉、圭亚那和巴西的86个个体中鉴定了15种单倍型。尽管海牛的能力，移动数千公里沿着大陆边缘，大多数地点之间的强大的人口分离表现出显着的单倍型频率的变化。这些发现与标记研究相一致，这些研究表明，开阔水域和不合适的沿海栖息地构成了基因流动和殖民化的重大障碍。佛罗里达和巴西样本的遗传多样性水平低，可能是最近殖民到高纬度或瓶颈效应。在T. manatus，大致对应于：（i）佛罗里达和西印度群岛;（ii）墨西哥湾到南美洲的加勒比河;和（iii）南美洲的东北大西洋海岸。这些谱系，这是不一致的，与以前的亚种命名，分开的序列分歧估计的d = 0.04-0.07，大约相同的水平之间观察到的分歧T。海牛和亚马逊海牛（T. inunguis，n = 16）。来自圭亚那的三个人，被确定为T。manatus的mtDNA单倍型属于亚马逊特有型T.指甲。三个主要的T。manatus和T.由于栖息地的变化（威斯康星州冰期后，10 000 BP）、自然定居和人为移植，最近已被桥接的inunguis谱系可能代表了相对较深的地理分区。
To resolve the population genetic structure and phylogeography of the West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus), mitochondrial (mt) DNA control region sequences were compared among eight locations across the western Atlantic region. Fifteen haplotypes were identified among 86 individuals from Florida, Puerto Rico, the Dominican Republic, Mexico, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana and Brazil. Despite the manatee's ability to move thousands of kilometres along continental margins, strong population separations between most locations were demonstrated with significant haplotype frequency shifts. These findings are consistent with tagging studies which indicate that stretches of open water and unsuitable coastal habitats constitute substantial barriers to gene flow and colonization. Low levels of genetic diversity within Florida and Brazilian samples might be explained by recent colonization into high latitudes or bottleneck effects. Three distinctive mtDNA lineages were observed in an intraspecific;phylogeny of T. manatus, corresponding approximately to: (i) Florida and the West Indies; (ii) the Gulf of Mexico to the Caribbean rivers of South America; and (iii) the northeast Atlantic coast of South America. These Lineages, which are not concordant with previous subspecies designations, are separated by sequence divergence estimates of d = 0.04-0.07, approximately the same level of divergence observed between T. manatus and the Amazonian manatee (T. inunguis, n = 16). Three individuals from Guyana, identified as T. manatus, had mtDNA haplotypes which are affiliated with the endemic Amazon form T. inunguis. The three primary T. manatus lineages and the T. inunguis lineage may represent relatively deep phylogeographic partitions which have been bridged recently due to changes in habitat availability (after the Wisconsin glacial period, 10 000 BP), natural colonization, and human-mediated transplantation.