Context dependency of trait repeatability and its relevance for management and conservation of fish populations.
Context dependency of trait repeatability and its relevance for management and conservation of fish populations.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1093/conphys/cow007
复制
发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Cooke SJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Killen SS;Adriaenssens B;Marras S;Claireaux G;Cooke SJ
动物在行为和生理上表现出一致的差异。了解这些差异对于预测气候变化和海洋酸化等逐渐环境变化的影响至关重要。在这里，我们回顾这样的性状重复性是如何相关的野生鱼类的保护。行为和生理特征的可重复性日益成为动物研究者关注的焦点，鱼类已成为动物研究的重要模型。几乎所有这些工作都是在进化生态学的背景下完成的，很少有明确的尝试将性状变异的可重复性和背景依赖性应用于理解与保护相关的问题。在这里，我们审查工作的可重复性的特点（如大胆，游泳性能，代谢率和压力反应）的程度是依赖于上下文。我们审查的方法进行量化的重复性（区分上下文内和跨上下文的重复性）和混淆因素，可能是特别有问题的，当试图测量野生鱼类的重复性。环境因素，如温度，食物的可用性，氧气的可用性，高碳酸血症，流量制度和污染物都出现改变鱼类的性状重复性。这表明，人为的环境变化可能会改变进化轨迹，通过改变哪些个体在给定的条件下达到最大的适应性。更好地了解这些影响对于我们预测气候变化和海洋酸化等逐渐环境变化的影响至关重要，目前对这些影响的研究受到我们在相对较短的时间尺度上检查性状变化的能力的限制。还讨论了与电子标签（生物遥测和生物记录）和呼吸测定相关的技术的最新进展将有助于促进增加生理和综合性状的可重复性的量化的情况下，到目前为止落后于行为特征的可重复性的措施。
Animals show consistent differences in behaviour and physiology. Understanding these differences is vital for predicting the effects of gradual environmental change, such as climate change and ocean acidification. Here we review how such trait repeatability is relevant for conservation of wild fish. Repeatability of behavioural and physiological traits is increasingly a focus for animal researchers, for which fish have become important models. Almost all of this work has been done in the context of evolutionary ecology, with few explicit attempts to apply repeatability and context dependency of trait variation toward understanding conservation-related issues. Here, we review work examining the degree to which repeatability of traits (such as boldness, swimming performance, metabolic rate and stress responsiveness) is context dependent. We review methods for quantifying repeatability (distinguishing between within-context and across-context repeatability) and confounding factors that may be especially problematic when attempting to measure repeatability in wild fish. Environmental factors such temperature, food availability, oxygen availability, hypercapnia, flow regime and pollutants all appear to alter trait repeatability in fishes. This suggests that anthropogenic environmental change could alter evolutionary trajectories by changing which individuals achieve the greatest fitness in a given set of conditions. Gaining a greater understanding of these effects will be crucial for our ability to forecast the effects of gradual environmental change, such as climate change and ocean acidification, the study of which is currently limited by our ability to examine trait changes over relatively short time scales. Also discussed are situations in which recent advances in technologies associated with electronic tags (biotelemetry and biologging) and respirometry will help to facilitate increased quantification of repeatability for physiological and integrative traits, which so far lag behind measures of repeatability of behavioural traits.