SCN outputs and the hypothalamic balance of life
SCN outputs and the hypothalamic balance of life
复制标题
DOI：
10.1177/0748730406293854
复制
发表时间：
2006-12-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Buijs, R. M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kalsbeek, A.;Palm, I. F.;Buijs, R. M.
视交叉上核（SCN）中的生物钟由数千个振荡神经元组成，每个振荡神经元都依赖于一组生物钟基因的细胞自主活动。尽管如此，主要的问题仍然是如何将这些单独的振荡器组织成一个生物钟，产生一个连贯的输出，能够对行为和生理的所有不同的日常变化进行计时。在本综述中，作者讨论了SCN用于控制激素释放的每日节律的解剖连接和神经递质。SCN的传出投射主要靶向SCN周围的内侧下丘脑中的神经元。这些前自主神经和神经内分泌靶神经元的活动是由不同的定时波控制的，其中包括加压素，GAGA和谷氨酸从SCN终端释放。总之，关于SCN控制神经内分泌节律的数据提供了明确的证据，即SCN不仅由表型组成（即，根据神经递质含量）不同的神经元亚群，而且亚群应该基于它们（电）活动的顶相来区分（在表型相似的神经元组内）。此外，SCN的特化可能会发展到单一的身体结构，也就是说，SCN似乎包含专门针对肝脏，松果体和肾上腺的神经元。
The circadian clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is composed of thousands of oscillator neurons, each dependent on the cell-autonomous action of a defined set of circadian clock genes. Still, the major question remains how these individual oscillators are organized into a biological clock producing a coherent output able to time all the different daily changes in behavior and physiology. In the present review, the authors discuss the anatomical connections and neurotransmitters used by the SCN to control the daily rhythms in hormone release. The efferent SCN projections mainly target neurons in the medial hypothalamus surrounding the SCN. The activity of these preautonomic and neuroendocrine target neurons is controlled by differentially timed waves of, among others, vasopressin, GAGA, and glutamate release from SCN terminals. Together, the data on the SCN control of neuroendocrine rhythms provide clear evidence not only that the SCN consists of phenotypically (i.e., according to neurotransmitter content) different subpopulations of neurons but also that subpopulations should be distinguished (within phenotypically similar groups of neurons) based on the acrophase of their (electrical) activity. Moreover, the specialization of the SCN may go as far as a single body structure, that is, the SCN seems to contain neurons that specifically target the liver, pineal, and adrenal.