Drug injectors and dealers in Odessa, Ukraine
Drug injectors and dealers in Odessa, Ukraine
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DOI：
10.1080/02791072.2003.10400488
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发表时间：
2003-10-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Semerik, O
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Booth, RE;Kennedy, J;Semerik, O
本文报告了在一系列焦点小组和深入访谈中观察到的结果，注射吸毒者（IDUs）和毒贩在敖德萨，乌克兰。乌克兰是东欧和西欧艾滋病毒感染率最高的国家，敖德萨是该国血清阳性率最高的城市之一。这种流行病主要集中在注射吸毒者中，尽管异性性传播正在增加。本研究的目的是进一步了解与艾滋病毒相关的危险行为发生的背景，以便推荐可能降低新发感染率的干预策略。参与研究的吸毒者都是贫困和严重成瘾的人。调查结果显示，敖德萨的毒品有两个来源：一个是装有预装注射器的吉普赛人，另一个是液体形式的毒贩。最常见的注射毒品是液体罂粟杆，一种被称为“海米亚”的弱鸦片剂。“结果显示，吸毒者普遍受到警察的伤害，导致为避免逮捕或骚扰而冒险的行为增加。共用针头/注射器的现象很普遍，使用者很少有时间对工作进行消毒。最常见的清洁产品是尿液，据信它是一种防腐剂。当被要求提出预防战略以降低艾滋病毒感染率上升时，吸毒者和毒贩最常见的反应是使毒品合法化。敖德萨以及整个乌克兰的毒品和艾滋病毒流行病要求采取紧急公共卫生措施，以影响和改善其公民的健康。
This article reports on the results observed in a series of focus groups and in-depth interviews with injection drug users (IDUs) and drug dealers in Odessa, Ukraine. Ukraine has the highest rate of HIV infection in Eastern as well as Western Europe, and Odessa ranks among the cities in that country with the highest seroprevalence. The epidemic is largely concentrated among IDUs, although heterosexual transmission is increasing. The purpose of this study was to further understand the context in which HIV-related risk behaviors occur in order to recommend intervention strategies that might reduce the rate of new infections. The drug users who participated in the research were impoverished and severely addicted. Findings revealed that there were two sources for drugs in Odessa: either from gypsies in preloaded syringes, or from drug dealers also in a liquid form. The most common drug injected was liquid poppy straw, a weak opiate known as "hemia." Results showed widespread victimization of drug users by police officials, leading to increased risk-taking to avoid arrest or harassment. Needle/syringe sharing was common and users rarely had time to disinfect their works. The most common product used to clean was urine, believed to be an antiseptic. When asked to recommend prevention strategies to reduce the rising rate of HIV, the most common response by the users and dealers was to legalize drugs. The drug and HIV epidemics in Odessa, as well as all of Ukraine, call for urgent public health measures to impact and improve the health of its citizens.