Dietary Fiber and Associated Phytochemicals in Prevention and Reversal of Diabetes
Dietary Fiber and Associated Phytochemicals in Prevention and Reversal of Diabetes
复制标题
膳食纤维和相关植物化学物质在预防和逆转糖尿病中的作用
DOI：
10.1002/9780813804149.ch7
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发表时间：
2009
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
James W. Anderson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
James W. Anderson
从全谷物来源摄取谷类纤维似乎是2型糖尿病最有力的预防措施之一(Lindstrom等人。2006年；刘2003；刘等人。2000年；Weickert等人。2006)。而糖尿病在全球范围内的爆炸性增长可能与肥胖症患病率的急剧增加最密切相关(Anderson等人。2003年)，在过去20年里，食物消费模式也发生了明显变化。随着能量摄入量的增加，精制食品--富含糖和脂肪--消耗的能量比例较高，而来自全谷物和富含纤维的食品的比例较低(Bhargava和Amialchuk，2007)。全谷物、膳食纤维和相关植物营养素的减少可能会进一步增加患2型糖尿病的风险(Bo等人。2006年；张等人。生活方式措施对于预防和逆转2型糖尿病至关重要。正如Greenway(第3章)所述，在3-5年的随访期内，增加体力活动和体重减轻约5%可能会使高危个体的糖尿病发病率降低近60%(Nathan和Berkwits 2007)。显然，这些重要的生活方式改变--因为它们具有广泛的促进健康的作用，没有副作用，而且费用低--比药物治疗更可取。
Cereal fiber intake from whole grain sources appears to be one of the strongest preventive measures for type 2 diabetes mellitus (Lindstrom et al. 2006; Liu 2003; Liu et al. 2000; Weickert et al. 2006). While the explosive worldwide increase of diabetes can be most closely associated with the dramatic increase in the obesity prevalence (Anderson et al. 2003), distinct changes in food consumption patterns have also occurred over the past 20 years. As energy intake has increased, a higher percentage of the energy consumed has come from refined foods—laden with sugars and fats—and a lower percentage from whole grains and fiber-rich foods (Bhargava and Amialchuk 2007). The reduction in whole grains, dietary fiber, and associated phytonutrients may further enhance the risk for type 2 diabetes (Bo et al. 2006; Zhang et al. 2006).Lifestyle measures are crucial for the prevention and reversal of type 2 diabetes. As reviewed by Greenway (Chapter 3), increased physical activity and weight losses of approximately 5% may decrease the emergence of diabetes in high-risk individuals by almost 60% over a 3–5 year period of follow-up (Nathan and Berkwits 2007). Obviously, these important lifestyle changes—because of their broad health-promoting effects, lack of side effects, and low expense—are preferable to pharmacotherapy.