The Impact of Heterogeneity in a Global Knowledge Commons: Implications for Governance of the DNA Barcode Commons
The Impact of Heterogeneity in a Global Knowledge Commons: Implications for Governance of the DNA Barcode Commons
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DOI：
10.5334/ijc.861
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发表时间：
2019-01-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Bubela, Tania
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Geary, Janis;Reay, Trish;Bubela, Tania
行为者异质性的程度被认为会影响自然资源共享的结果，学者们最近开始讨论异质性对知识共享创造和可持续性的影响。有越来越多的证据来挑战主流理论，即异质性是一致不利的，但很少有人知道知识共享的异质性。在这里，我们分析异质性，因为它适用于管理知识共享的规则-DNA条形码共享。DNA条形码是短的标准化基因区域，可用于廉价地识别未知标本，支持者已领导国际努力使DNA条形码成为标准的物种识别工具。在共同资源中占主导地位的行为者是不同领域的研究人员，条形码的全球范围意味着这些研究人员在生物多样性、研究基础设施和科学努力财政资源水平不同的国家工作。行为者之间的这种文化和财富异质性导致了构建和管理公地的挑战，包括其支持数据库和生物储存库的基础设施。我们采访了DNA条形码的参与者，并收集了组织文件。我们应用制度语法来识别制度陈述，并根据制度逻辑理论对每个陈述进行分类。我们发现，制度逻辑理论是研究知识共享空间异质性的有效应用研究工具。我们的分析还表明，异质性是在全球知识共享中发展共同期望的一个挑战，但参与者可以设计机构声明来弥合期望的差距。
The extent of actor heterogeneity is known to influence the outcomes in natural resource commons, and scholars have recently begun addressed the impact of heterogeneity on knowledge commons creation and sustainability. There is increasing evidence to challenge the dominant theory that heterogeneity is uniformly disadvantageous, but little is known about heterogeneity in knowledge commons. Here, we analyse heterogeneity as it applies to rules for governing a knowledge commons - the DNA barcode commons. DNA barcodes are short, standardized gene regions that can be used to inexpensively identify unknown specimens, and proponents have led international efforts to make DNA barcodes a standard species identification tool. The dominant actors in the commons are researchers in diverse fields, and the global scope of barcoding means these researchers work in countries with varying levels of biodiversity, research infrastructure, and financial resources for scientific endeavours. This cultural and wealth heterogeneity among actors results in challenges for constructing and governing the commons, including its supporting infrastructure of databases and biorepositories. We interviewed participants in DNA barcoding, and collected organizational documents. We applied the grammar of institutions to identify institutional statements, and categorized each statement based on institutional logics theory. We found that institutional logics theory is an effective applied research tool to study heterogeneity in knowledge commons. Our analysis also suggested that heterogeneity is a challenge to developing shared expectations in global knowledge commons, but participants can design institutional statements to bridge gaps in expectations.