Fear conditioning and extinction in anxious and non-anxious youth: A meta-analysis
Fear conditioning and extinction in anxious and non-anxious youth: A meta-analysis
复制标题
焦虑和非焦虑青年的恐惧条件反射和消退：一项荟萃分析
DOI：
10.1016/j.brat.2019.103431
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发表时间：
2019-09-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Shechner, Tomer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dvir, Maor;Horovitz, Omer;Shechner, Tomer
恐惧、条件反射和消退与焦虑症的病因和维持有关。大多数恐惧条件作用研究都是在成人样本中进行的，少数发表的针对临床焦虑青年的发育研究得出了不一致的结果。目前综述的目的是使用荟萃分析来检验临床焦虑和非焦虑青年在恐惧条件反射和消退方面的可能差异。分析中包括了七项恐惧条件作用研究，总共有160名临床焦虑的年轻人和166名非焦虑的年轻人。包括在Meta分析中的所有研究都使用了至少一个或多个主要因变量的差异条件反射范式：自我报告的恐惧、皮肤电导反应(SCR)和恐惧增强的惊吓(FPS)。在焦虑和非焦虑的个体中，观察到了相似的不同的恐惧获得和消除模式。然而，焦虑的年轻人比非焦虑的年轻人对个人刺激表现出更强的恐惧反应。在临床焦虑的青少年中的结果与之前关于临床焦虑的成年人的研究报告的结果相似。重要的是，由于在年轻人中进行的恐惧学习研究为数不多，因此应谨慎解读这些结果。需要进一步的研究，以便更好地了解发育人群中恐惧的获得和消退过程。此外，未来的研究应该侧重于其他与恐惧相关的学习过程，如恐惧回报的差异、对恐惧记忆的提取以及在恐惧概括方面更细微的差异。
Fear conditioning and extinction have been implicated in the etiology and maintenance of anxiety disorders. Most fear conditioning studies have been conducted with adult samples and the few published developmental studies in clinically anxious youth have yielded inconsistent results. The aim of the current review was to use meta-analysis to examine possible differences in fear conditioning and extinction in clinically anxious and non-anxious youth. Seven fear conditioning studies were included in the analysis, with a total of 160 clinically anxious and 166 non-anxious youth. All the studies included in the meta-analysis used a differential conditioning paradigm with at least one or more of the primary dependent variables: self-reported fear, skin conductance response (SCR) and fear potentiated startle (FPS). Similar differential fear acquisition and extinction patterns were observed in anxious and non-anxious individuals. However, anxious youth exhibited stronger fear responses to individual stimuli compared to their non-anxious counterparts. Results in clinically anxious youth resemble those reported in previous studies with clinically anxious adults. Importantly, due to the small number of fear learning studies conducted among youth, these results should be interpreted with caution. Further research is needed so as to better understand fear acquisition and extinction processes in developmental populations. In addition, future studies should focus on other fear-related learning processes such as differences in return of fear, retrieval of fear memory and more subtle differences in fear generalization.