Prebiotic synthesis in atmospheres containing CH4, CO, and CO2
Prebiotic synthesis in atmospheres containing CH4, CO, and CO2
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含有 CH4、CO 和 CO2 的大气中的益生元合成
DOI：
10.1007/bf02101643
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发表时间：
2005
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
S. Miller
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
G. Schlesinger;S. Miller
以CH4、CO、CO2、N_2、NH_3、H_2O和H_2为混合气体，研究了HCN、H_2CO、NH_3、NH_3和尿素的电火花合成。以甲烷为碳源，分别合成了HCN和H_2CO，产率高达10%。当H_2/CO_2和CO_2摩尔比为1.0时，CO的产率与CO_2的产率相近，而当H_2/CO_2和H_2/CO_2的摩尔比为1.0时，CO的产率急剧下降。以氮肥计，NH3的产量较高(0.7%~5%)，尿素的产量较好(0.02%~0.63%)。直接合成的NH3，以及由HCN、氰化物和尿素水解得到的NH3，可能是原始地球大气和海洋中氨的主要来源。这些结果表明，只要H2/CO和H2/CO2的比值大于1.0，HCN和H_2CO就可以在含有CO和CO_2的原始大气中进行益生合成，得到嘌呤、糖和一些氨基酸。含有甲烷的大气提供了相当数量的HCN和H_2CO，并且在氨基酸的合成方面具有优势。
SummaryThe electric discharge synthesis of HCN, H2CO, NH3 and urea has been investigated using various mixtures of CH4, CO, CO2, N2, NH3, H2O, and H2. HCN and H2CO were each synthesized in yields as high as 10% from CH4 as a carbon source. Similar yields were obtained from CO when H2/CO>1.0 and from CO2 when H2/CO2>2.0 At H2/CO2<1.0 the yields fall off drastically. Good yields of NH3 (0.7 to 5%) and fair yields of urea (0.02 to 0.63%) based on nitrogen were also obtained. The directly sythesized NH3 together with the NH3 obtained from the hydrolysis of HCN, nitriles and urea could have been a major source of ammonia in the atmosphere and oceans of the primitive earth. These results show that prebiotic syntheses from HCN and H2CO to give products such as purines and sugars and some amino acids could have occurred in primitive atmospheres containing CO and CO2 provided the H2/CO and H2/CO2 ratios were greater than about 1.0. Methane containing atmospheres give comparable quantities of HCN and H2CO, and are superior in the synthesis of amino acids.