The role of fish and fisheries in recovering from natural hazards: Lessons learned from Vanuatu
The role of fish and fisheries in recovering from natural hazards: Lessons learned from Vanuatu
复制标题
鱼类和渔业在自然灾害后恢复中的作用： 瓦努阿图的经验教训
DOI：
10.1016/j.envsci.2017.06.012
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发表时间：
2017-10-01
影响因子：
6
通讯作者：
Andrew, Neil
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Eriksson, Hampus;Albert, Joelle;Andrew, Neil
沿海渔业为太平洋岛屿国家提供主食和生计来源，确保可持续供应被认为是营养安全的关键优先事项。这项研究旨在更好地了解鱼类在灾害期间和灾后恢复中对太平洋岛屿社区的作用。为了评估自然灾害后的社区影响和应对措施，在瓦努阿图谢法、塔菲亚、马兰帕和桑马省的10个地点与男子和妇女团体举行了重点小组讨论。2015年3月5级热带气旋帕姆（TC-Pam）和厄尔尼诺现象引发的长期干旱的综合影响对瓦努阿图大部分地区产生了深远的影响。陆地系统受到的影响尤其严重，饮用水、园艺作物、经济作物严重短缺，基础设施遭到破坏。注意到TC-Pam和干旱对海洋环境造成的局部影响，沿着的地震使马兰帕省的珊瑚礁隆起并摧毁了渔场。马兰帕省和谢法省的社区也注意到造成珊瑚死亡的棘冠疫情。陆地食物和创收能力的大幅下降，一般导致更多地依赖海洋资源来科普，饮食从当地菜园食物转向大米。然而，市场准入有限，社区许多部门缺乏捕鱼技能和技术，削弱了海洋资源支持恢复的能力。灵活的管理方法使保护区和物种在临时开放以协助恢复时，可用作食物和收入的储存库。这些研究结果表明，鱼类和渔业管理是偏远太平洋岛屿社区备灾和救灾战略的中心。大量的物质资本（如基础设施、水箱和坚固的住宅）是备灾的关键，但为自然资源管理目的而支持社区社会资本和为各种适应技能而支持人力资本也可提高社区的复原力。认识到管理良好的渔业资源和熟练渔民可以为救灾发挥的人道主义价值，为改善沿海渔业管理和协调各部门政策的当务之急增加了另一个层面。
Coastal fisheries provide staple food and sources of livelihood in Pacific Island countries, and securing a sustainable supply is recognised as a critical priority for nutrition security. This study sought to better understand the role of fish for Pacific Island communities during disasters and in disaster recovery. To evaluate community impacts and responses after natural disasters, focus group discussions were held with men and women groups at ten sites across Shefa, Tafea, Malampa and Sanma provinces in Vanuatu. The combined impacts of category 5 Tropical Cyclone Pam (TC-Pam) in March 2015 and prolonged El-Nino induced drought have had a profound impact across much of Vanuatu. Terrestrial systems had been disproportionately impacted with substantial shortages in drinking water, garden crops, cash crops and damage to infrastructure. Localized impacts were noted on marine environments from TC-Pam and the drought, along with an earthquake that uplifted reef and destroyed fishing grounds in Malampa province. Communities in Malampa and Shefa provinces also noted a crown-of-thorns outbreak that caused coral mortality. The significant reduction in terrestrial-based food and income generation capacity generally led to increased reliance on marine resources to cope and a shift in diets from local garden food to rice. However, limited market access, lack of fishing skills and technology in many sectors of the community reduced the capacity for marine resources to support recovery. A flexible management approach allowed protected areas and species to be utilized as reservoirs of food and income when temporarily opened to assist recovery. These findings illustrate that fish and fisheries management is at the center of disaster preparedness and relief strategies in remote Pacific Island communities. High physical capital (e.g. infrastructure, water tanks and strong dwellings) is key for disaster preparedness, but supporting community social capital for the purpose of natural resource management and human capital for diverse adaptation skills can also improve community resilience. Recognizing the humanitarian value that well managed fisheries resources and skilled fishers can play to disaster relief adds another dimension to the imperative of improving management of coastal fisheries and aligning policies across sectors.