Photoperiod sensing of the circadian clock is controlled by EARLY FLOWERING 3 and GIGANTEA
Photoperiod sensing of the circadian clock is controlled by EARLY FLOWERING 3 and GIGANTEA
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生物钟的光周期感应由 EARLY FLOWERING 3 和 GIGANTEA 控制
DOI：
10.1101/321794
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Anwer M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Anwer M
ELF 3和GI是拟南芥生物钟的两个重要组成部分。它们不仅对振荡器功能至关重要，而且在介导光输入到振荡器中也是关键。缺乏任何一个导致一个有缺陷的振荡器，导致严重受损的输出途径，如光周期开花和下胚轴伸长。虽然ELF 3和GI的单一功能缺失突变体已得到很好的研究，但它们的遗传相互作用仍不清楚。我们产生了一个elf3 gidouble突变体，以研究它们在时钟控制的生长和相变表型中的遗传关系。我们发现ELF 3和GI分别在夜间和白天抑制生长。生物钟实验表明，ELF 3和GI是使振荡器能够同步内源性细胞机制与外部环境信号的关键。如果没有它们，昼夜节律振荡器即使在昼夜条件下也无法与明暗周期同步。因此，在缺乏这两个基因的植物中，时钟介导的光周期响应性生长和发育完全丧失，这表明ELF3和GI一起将光周期感知传递给中央振荡器。由于ELF3和GI在开花植物中是保守的，代表了重要的育种和驯化目标，我们的数据突出了通过调整这两个关键基因的等位基因组合来开发光周期不敏感作物的可能性。
ELF3andGIare two important components of the Arabidopsis circadian clock. They are not only essential for the oscillator function but are also pivotal in mediating light inputs to the oscillator. Lack of either results in a defective oscillator causing severely compromised output pathways, such as photoperiodic flowering and hypocotyl elongation. Although single loss of function mutants ofELF3andGIhave been well studied, their genetic interaction remains unclear. We generated anelf3 gidouble mutant to study their genetic relationship in clock‐controlled growth and phase transition phenotypes. We found thatELF3andGIrepress growth differentially during the night and the day, respectively. Circadian clock assays revealed thatELF3andGIare essential that enable the oscillator to synchronize the endogenous cellular mechanisms to external environmental signals. In their absence, the circadian oscillator fails to synchronize to the light–dark cycles even under diurnal conditions. Consequently, clock‐mediated photoperiod‐responsive growth and development are completely lost in plants lacking both genes, suggesting that ELF3 and GI together convey photoperiod sensing to the central oscillator. SinceELF3andGIare conserved across flowering plants and represent important breeding and domestication targets, our data highlight the possibility of developing photoperiod‐insensitive crops by adjusting the allelic combination of these two key genes.