Early agriculture and crop transmission among Bronze Age mobile pastoralists of Central Eurasia
Early agriculture and crop transmission among Bronze Age mobile pastoralists of Central Eurasia
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2013.3382
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发表时间：
2014-05
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
R. Spengler;Michael D. Frachetti;Paula N. Doumani;Lynne M. Rouse;Barbara Cerasetti;Elissa A Bullion;
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Spengler;Michael D. Frachetti;Paula N. Doumani;Lynne M. Rouse;Barbara Cerasetti;Elissa A Bullion;
中欧亚大陆的考古研究揭示了东亚和西南亚之间史无前例的跨区域互动和技术转让的规模，深入到史前过去。本文对欧亚大陆中部山区和沙漠地区的牧民营地进行了一项新的考古植物学分析，记录了已知的最古老的证据，证明了季节性流动牧民中驯养谷物和耕作的证据。来自塔斯巴斯和贝加什遗址的碳化谷物展示了西南亚和东亚驯化谷物在公元前三千年初首次传播到内亚山区。到公元前二千年中期，山区和沙漠中的季节性营地表明，欧亚牧民将小米、小麦、大麦和豆类的种植纳入了他们的生存战略。这些发现将中欧亚牧民驯化植物的使用年表推后了大约2000年。考虑到这些数据的地理、年表和种子形态，我们认为流动牧民是公元前3世纪至2千年期间作物品种的传播和整个亚洲农业经济转型的关键因素。
Archaeological research in Central Eurasia is exposing unprecedented scales of trans-regional interaction and technology transfer between East Asia and southwest Asia deep into the prehistoric past. This article presents a new archaeobotanical analysis from pastoralist campsites in the mountain and desert regions of Central Eurasia that documents the oldest known evidence for domesticated grains and farming among seasonally mobile herders. Carbonized grains from the sites of Tasbas and Begash illustrate the first transmission of southwest Asian and East Asian domesticated grains into the mountains of Inner Asia in the early third millennium BC. By the middle second millennium BC, seasonal camps in the mountains and deserts illustrate that Eurasian herders incorporated the cultivation of millet, wheat, barley and legumes into their subsistence strategy. These findings push back the chronology for domesticated plant use among Central Eurasian pastoralists by approximately 2000 years. Given the geography, chronology and seed morphology of these data, we argue that mobile pastoralists were key agents in the spread of crop repertoires and the transformation of agricultural economies across Asia from the third to the second millennium BC.